Abstract：
AIM:To present our experience using intravenous sedoanalgesia for percutaneous biliary drainage. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study comprised 100 patients, all of whom were continuously monitored [electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, pulse oxymetry] and received an initial dose of 2mg midazolam followed by 0.02 mg fentanyl. Before every anticipated painful procedure, a maintenance dose of 0.01 mg fentanyl was administered. If the procedure continued and the patient became aware, another 1mg midazolam was given. This was repeated if patients felt pain. A total dose of 0.08 mg fentanyl and 7 mg midazolam was never exceeded. Immediately after the procedure, the nurse was asked to evaluate patients' pain score. The patients were asked 3h later to complete a visual 10-degree pain score scale. RESULTS:The average dose of fentanyl and midazolam was 0.042 mg (0.03-0.08 mg) and 4.28 mg (2-7 mg), respectively. Only one patient recorded the procedure as painful. The scores given by the attending nurse (1-7 points, mean 2.9) correlated well with those given by the patients (1-6 points, mean 2.72). No complications were noted. CONCLUSION:According to our experience, interventional radiologists practising biliary procedures can administer low doses of midazolam and minimize the doses of fentanyl, without loss of adequate sedation and analgesia.
journal_name
Clin Radioljournal_title
Clinical radiologyauthors
Hatzidakis AA,Charonitakis E,Athanasiou A,Tsetis D,Chlouverakis G,Papamastorakis G,Roussopoulou G,Gourtsoyiannis NCdoi
10.1053/crad.2002.1128subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
121-7issue
2eissn
0009-9260issn
1365-229Xpii
S0009926002911281journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Since Lord Woolf declared in 2001 that the courts have been excessively deferential to the medical profession, there has been an incremental series of changes to the law concerning medical negligence. The most substantial changes concern consent, but significant change has also appeared regarding the concept of causat...
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abstract：AIM:To evaluate whether a simple pre-treatment regimen of sinus node inhibition by ivabradine taken at home for only 1 day resulted in a lower pre-scanning heart rate (HR) and reduced the need for intravenous beta-blockers (BB) prior to coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS:The pre-trea...
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