Abstract:
:Patients with a strong family history of breast cancer are often counseled to receive genetic screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the strongest known predictors of breast cancer. A major limitation of genetic testing is the number of inconclusive results due to unclassified BRCA1 and BRCA2 sequence variants. Many known deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations affect splicing, and these typically lie near intron/exon boundaries. However, there are also potential internal exonic mutations that disrupt functional exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) sequences, resulting in exon skipping. Using previously established sequence matrices for the scoring of putative ESE motifs, we have systematically examined several BRCA2 mutations for potential ESE disruption mutations. These predictions revealed that BRCA2 T2722R (8393C-->G), which segregates with affected individuals in a family with breast cancer, disrupts three potential ESE sites. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis confirms that this mutation causes exon skipping, leading to an out-of-frame fusion of BRCA2 exons 17 and 19. This represents the first BRCA2 missense mutation shown to be a predicted deleterious protein-truncating mutation and suggests a potentially useful method for determining the clinical significance of a subset of the many unclassified variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2.
journal_name
Am J Hum Genetjournal_title
American journal of human geneticsauthors
Fackenthal JD,Cartegni L,Krainer AR,Olopade OIdoi
10.1086/342192subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
625-31issue
3eissn
0002-9297issn
1537-6605pii
S0002-9297(07)60342-5journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a lethal malformation disorder characterized classically by encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly. MKS is also one of the major contributors to syndromic neural tube defects (NTDs). Recent findings have shown primary cilia dysfunction in the molecular background of MKS, indicating...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.05.004
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Génin and Clerget-Darpoux recently discussed the derivation of the probabilities of identity states for populations in which there was some degree of kinship, primarily to allow the extension of the classical affected-sib-pair method to such populations. It is argued here that their derivation makes certain assumption...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/301743
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a female infant with dysmorphic features, severe neurological defects, and congenital blindness, a positive urinary Bratton-Marshall test led to identification of a massive excretion of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (AICA)-riboside, the dephosphorylated counterpart of AICAR (also termed "ZMP"), an intermediate of ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/421475
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The putative locus for hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS) in a large family of Ashkenazi descent (SM96) was previously reported to map to chromosome sub-bands 6q16-q21. However, new clinical data, together with molecular data from additional family members, have shown 6q linkage to be incorrect. A high-density...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/375144
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When population geneticists wish to determine the genetic consequences of some aspect of mating behavior, it is often necessary to compare observed levels of consanguinity to the level expected when mating is random with respect to the factor being studied. Expectations under random mating are often derived from discr...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moyamoya disease is characterized by bilateral stenosis and/or occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery. Moyamoya disease is prevalent among patients <10 years of age. Although most cases appear to be sporadic, approximately 10% occur as familial cases. The incidence of familial cases has been ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/302243
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic dysregulation has emerged as a recurring mechanism in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Two such disorders, CHARGE and Kabuki syndromes, result from loss of function mutations in chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7LOF) and lysine (K) methyltransferase 2D (KMT2DLOF), respectively. A...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.04.004
更新日期:2017-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::An elevated level of erythrocyte sodium-lithium (Na-Li) countertransport has been suggested as a predictor of predisposition to essential hypertension. In order to evaluate whether a single genetic or environmental factor with large effects explains the mixture of distributions in Na-Li countertransport in the general...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fetuses with trisomy 21 (T21) have atypical brain development that is apparent sonographically in the second trimester. We hypothesize that by analyzing and integrating dysregulated gene expression and pathways common to humans with Down syndrome (DS) and mouse models we can discover novel targets for prenatal t...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.001
更新日期:2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative splicing is a tightly regulated biological process by which the number of gene products for any given gene can be greatly expanded. Genomic variants in splicing regulatory sequences can disrupt splicing and cause disease. Recent developments in sequencing technologies and computational biology have allowed...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.002
更新日期:2018-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Association studies are one of the major strategies for identifying genetic factors underlying complex traits. In samples of related individuals, conventional statistical procedures are not valid for testing association, and maximum likelihood (ML) methods have to be used, but they are computationally demanding and ar...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/513895
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative predictions of rates of Down syndrome offspring as a function of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) values and of maternal age were reviewed. Comparisons were made of 35-year-equivalent-risk values by maternal age, that is, MSAFP values (at various maternal ages) that predict the risk (of a Down syn...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse panbronchiolitis affecting East Asians is strongly associated with the class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Recent observations suggest that a major disease-susceptibility gene may be located between the HLA-B and HLA-A loci in the class I region of the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/302786
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4), also called Shah-Waardenburg syndrome, is a rare neurocristopathy that results from the absence of melanocytes and intrinsic ganglion cells of the terminal hindgut. WS4 is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait attributable to EDN3 or EDNRB mutations. It is inherited as an autosom...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/302895
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular DNAs from a panel of 20 unrelated individuals were screened for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) with a DNA probe containing the first exon of the proopiomelanocortin gene (POMC), which has been assigned to chromosome 2p23-25. Digestion with the restriction endonuclease Sst 1 revealed a high f...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessively inherited disorder that is common in patients of Armenian ancestry. To date, its diagnosis, which can be made only retrospectively, is one of exclusion, based entirely on nonspecific clinical signs that result from serosal inflammation and that may lead to unnecessar...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/302459
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is an X-linked inherited disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by severe mental retardation, typical facial and digital anomalies, and progressive skeletal deformations. Our previous linkage analysis, based on four pedigrees with the disease, suggested a localization for the CLS...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial genetics is complicated by heteroplasmy, or mutant load, which may be from 1%-99%, and thus may produce a gene dosage-type effect. Limited data are available for genotype/phenotype correlations in disorders caused by mtDNA mutations; therefore, prenatal diagnosis for mtDNA mutations has been hindered by ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/302488
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the most common spinal deformity in children, and its etiology is unknown. To refine the search for genes underlying IS susceptibility, we ascertained a new cohort of 52 families and conducted a follow-up study of genomewide scans that produced evidence of linkage and association with 8q12...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/513571
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nonparametric statistical methodology is used for the analysis of biochemical frequency data observed on a series of nine Jewish and six non-Jewish populations. Two categories of statistics are used: heterogeneity indices and various distance measures with respect to a standard. The latter are more discriminating in...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stepwise logistic-regression procedure is proposed for evaluation of the relative importance of variants at different sites within a small genetic region. By fitting statistical models with main effects, rather than modeling the full haplotype effects, we generate tests, with few degrees of freedom, that are likely ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/338007
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histochemical assay for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity in fixed frozen hepatic sections from a woman heterozygous for OTC deficiency revealed two populations of hepatocytes: those with normal activity and those with no activity. This observation, in conjunction with data from previous family studies, confir...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brachydactyly type B (BDB) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of distal phalanges and nails. Recently, heterozygous mutations of the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) ROR2, located within a distinct segment directly after the TK domain, have been shown to be responsible f...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/303084
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a genomewide linkage screen of a simple heavy-smoking quantitative trait, the maximum number of cigarettes smoked in a 24-h period, using two independent samples: 289 Australian and 155 Finnish nuclear multiplex families, all of which were of European ancestry and were targeted for DNA analysis by use of ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/513703
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by severe marfanoid habitus, intellectual disability, camptodactyly, typical facial dysmorphism, and craniosynostosis. Using family-based exome sequencing, we identified a dominantly inherited heterozygous in-frame deletion in exon 1 of SKI. Direct sequencing of SKI ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.002
更新日期:2012-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomal aneuploidy is usually identified by cytogenetic methods. However, for some purposes it would be desirable to have an easier method of recognizing specific trisomies or monosomies. We have devised such an assay. It involves the simultaneous hybridization of two chromosome-specific DNA probes labeled with di...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Million Veteran Program (MVP), initiated by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), aims to collect biosamples with consent from at least one million veterans. Presently, blood samples have been collected from over 800,000 enrolled participants. The size and diversity of the MVP cohort, as well as the availabilit...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.03.004
更新日期:2020-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::A girl with a prenatal 46,XY karyotype was born with a completely normal female phenotype, including uterus and histologically normal ovaries. In mice with a similar phenotype, the ablation of M33, an ortholog of Drosophila Polycomb, causes male-to-female sex reversal. The analysis of the human homolog of M33, Chromob...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.03.016
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of the number of causative loci is necessary to estimate the power of mapping studies of complex diseases. In the present article, we reexamine a theory developed by Risch and its implications for estimating the number L of causative loci affecting a complex inherited disease. We first show that methods base...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/344779
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nine markers from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17 were typed in 16 British and five South African families with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The markers--p17H8, pHHH202, and EW204--were linked to NF1 at recombination fractions less than 1%. No evidence of locus heterogeneity was detected. Inspection of ...
journal_title:American journal of human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00