Abstract:
:In 1998 it seems reasonable and widely accepted that all human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients willing to be treated may benefit from receiving antiretroviral therapy. Only those with undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA, normal CD4 lymphocyte counts and lack of markers of immunological system activation may be possible exceptions. The rationale supporting the early initiation of antiretroviral therapy are (i) data on viral dynamics; (ii) preliminary data pointing toward a better and a quicker restoration of immune function when treatment is initiated in very early stages (during or within a few weeks or months of acute symptomatic or asymptomatic HIV-1 infection); (iii) the lack of a stable viral load set-point even in patients in the early stages (CD4 > 500 cells/mm3) who have a very low viral load (< 5000 copies/ml); (iv) the relatively high likelihood of clinical progression at mid-term of the approximately 50-75% of patients in very early disease stages (CD4 > 500 cells/mm3) who have a plasma viral load above 5000 to 10,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml; (v) data from the Spanish Earth-1 study, which used a composite endpoint (virological, immunological or clinical progression), demonstrating that even in these very early stages of HIV-1 disease any antiretroviral therapy (double or triple combination) was better than no treatment. Even in early disease stages, a triple combination is needed to achieve a durable and profound virological and immunological response. In addition, the combination of stavudine plus didanosine has several advantages and can be considered one of the best double nucleoside combinations to combine with a protease inhibitor or with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The INCAS study and the preliminary results of the ongoing Spanish SCAN study have demonstrated the possibility of protease inhibitor-sparing combinations for initial antiretroviral treatment, at least in selected patient subsets, such as those with a relatively low baseline viral load. Furthermore, components of these protease inhibitor-sparing combinations such as didanosine or nevirapine are suitable for once daily administration.
journal_name
Antivir Therjournal_title
Antiviral therapyauthors
Gatell JMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
49-53eissn
1359-6535issn
2040-2058journal_volume
3 Suppl 4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:HBV antiviral therapy has the potential to reduce the burden of HBV-related liver disease by suppressing HBV DNA replication to undetectable levels, reducing the progression of liver fibrosis and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Treatment outcomes and long-term benefits requir...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3851/IMP3219
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the advent of the protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir a novel therapy approach for HCV genotype 1 infected subjects has become standard of care. Quantification of HCV viral load (VL) represents an important predictor of treatment response. METHODS:Two different real-time PCR platforms, the CO...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2723
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate whether low darunavir (DRV) minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) values contribute to virological outcomes during DRV/ritonavir monotherapy (mtDRV/rtv). METHODS:This was a prospective observational single-arm 96-week efficacy study in virologically suppressed subjects on triple t...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2722
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, China, no standard therapy guideline has been set despite the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its high infectivity. The globally pandemic outbreak suggests that COVID-19 is highly inf...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3362
更新日期:2020-06-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study assessed the effect of stavudine (d4T) 30 mg dosage on lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment. METHODS:A total of 243 patients from Cameroon receiving d4T or zidovudine (AZT) in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz or nevirapine for >6 months were clinically assesse...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1664
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) combination therapy on muscle and liver lactate metabolism in HIV-infected patients. METHODS:This cross-sectional study involved HIV-infected patients who were either antiretroviral-naive (Group 1) or were receiving either a s...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 shedding in genital secretions is associated with HIV transmission risk. Limited data exist on the effect of second-line lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy (mLPV/r) on genital secretion of HIV RNA. METHODS:We measured HIV-1 in genital secretions of HIV-infected adults at time of failure from non-nucleosi...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2737
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in both the early and late post-transplant period. Ganciclovir (GCV) is the treatment of choice for CMV, but requires intravenous administration, a fact that complica...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1858
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A genome-wide association study revealed an association between variants of the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene and ribavirin (RBV)-induced anaemia. The aim of this study was to replicate this finding in an independent Japanese cohort and to define a method to allow pretreatment prediction of anaemia in c...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1796
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug resistance is an expected consequence of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B because of the high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, the lack of proof-reading during reverse transcription of the pregenomic RNA and the low efficacy of available therapies in eliminating covalently closed circular HBV...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical utilization of genotype resistance testing is evolving. We examined the extent to which HIV care providers requesting genotype resistance tests used the information appropriately and the impact of inappropriate utilization. METHODS:Data from a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients (the HIV Ou...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zalcitabine (ddC) is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor with demonstrated clinical benefit in combination use. More widespread use of zalcitabine has been limited by a number of factors including peripheral neuropathy and three times daily dosing. However, screening for the risk factors for peripher...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In countries where antiretroviral therapy has been available or is being rapidly expanded, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends surveillance for transmitted HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) by threshold surveillance methods using specimens from antenatal clinics or voluntary counselling and testing (VCT...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 during breastfeeding is a major concern in resource-poor settings where alternatives to breast milk may be unaffordable, unsafe and limited by social stigma. The use of triple-drug antiretroviral regimens initiated during pregnancy and continued throughout breast...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2314
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in the endothelium repair. Low circulating EPC levels are predictive of cardiovascular events in HIV-negative subjects. The impact of HIV infection on EPCs, and the role of EPCs in HIV-associated cardiovascular disease, is not known. We hypothesized that circu...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2013
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drug-resistant HBV mutants frequently arise during nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy, while the resistance mutations on polymerase also have consequent changes in the S protein. The enrichment of immune-escape mutations was negatively correlated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance un...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3156
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sexually transmitted acute hepatitis C among HIV-positive homosexual men has been noted as an emerging epidemic. METHODS:Forty-seven patients with mainly sexually acquired, acute hepatitis C were enrolled in this prospective, multicentre trial, and 36 of these patients were treated within the acute phase of...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous ribavirin was provided non-selectively for investigational open-label use among persons with suspected hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the United States between 4 June 1993 and 1 September 1994. Therapy was initiated prior to laboratory confirmation of hantavirus infection because most deaths from H...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The development of infections with ganciclovir (GCV)-resistant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a serious problem in recipients of stem cell or organ transplants. Nearly all GCV-resistant clinical isolates have mutations in the viral UL97 gene. The rapid detection of GCV-resistant HCMV infections is nece...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protein contains a serine proteinase domain implicated in the maturation of the viral polyprotein. NS3 forms a stable heterodimer with NS4A, a viral membrane protein that acts as an activator of the NS3 proteinase. The three-dimensional structure of the NS3 proteinase complexed with an ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study investigated survival in people living with HIV being followed-up from 5 and 10 years after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a multi-country Asian cohort. METHODS:We included patients in follow-up >5 years after ART initiation. Factors associated with mortality beyond 5 and 10 years on ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3358
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a major human health problem; they are the cause of recurrent benign warts and of several cancers of the anogenital tract and head and neck region. Although there are two prophylactic HPV vaccines that could, if used universally, prevent as many as two-thirds of HPV-induced ca...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP2612
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiretroviral treatment with three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is widely used, but the combination of abacavir, didanosine and stavudine has never been investigated. We describe the surprising and consistent genotypic and phenotypic outcome in patients failing this combination. As part of a Da...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 14 year old common variable immunodeficiency patient developed severe protein-losing enteropathy. A chronic enteral infection with human parechovirus type 1 and norovirus was diagnosed. Treatment strategies aimed at virus eradication and providing supportive care were ineffective. The antipicornavirus agent pleconar...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1792
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV RNA is commonly used as a marker of compartmental antiviral activity in HIV-positive patients. Undetectable CSF HIV RNA levels have been associated with low CSF neopterin levels and better neurocognitive performances. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and predi...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3140
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is associated with significant reductions in the risk of vertical transmission of HIV, attainment of this outcome in highly treatment-experienced pregnant women might be complicated by the lack of active drugs available to assemble a potent regimen. The recent...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1558
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No data are available on the clinical presentation and virological pattern in the case of failure of interferon (IFN)-free regimens in patients with genotype-3h. In this paper authors identified the virological and clinical characteristics of patients with genotype-3h treated with suboptimal or not indicated...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3228
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) is the standard of care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HIV-coinfected individuals. In 2007, abacavir (ABC)-based antiretroviral therapy was, for the first time, reported to be associated with early virological failure during HCV...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Voxilaprevir (VOX; GS-9857) is a pangenotypic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor (PI) with potent antiviral activity against HCV genotypes (GTs) 1-6 and improved coverage of GT1 NS3 resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) associated with other HCV PIs. In a 3-day Phase Ib monotherapy study in patients infected ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3851/IMP3202
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oseltamivir phosphate is an FDA-approved treatment for influenza that has been available for prescription use in the USA since 1999. The present report describes findings from a post-marketing safety study of skin reactions associated with oseltamivir use. All patients in the claims-derived Ingenix Research Database w...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00