Abstract:
UNLABELLED:Thiopental is a racemate. In this study, we examined whether thiopental total body clearance and its distribution into central nervous system (CNS) tissue of rats was enantioselective. Rats, either anesthetized with halothane or conscious and restrained, were infused to stepwise steady-state targets of 5, 10, and 20 microg/mL thiopental by computer-controlled infusions. Serial arterial plasma and steady-state samples of brain and spinal cord were assayed enantiospecifically for thiopental. In both groups, concurrent total and unbound plasma concentrations of S-thiopental were approximately 10%-20% higher than those of R-thiopental, corresponding to its higher clearance. CNS tissue concentrations of S-thiopental were approximately 20% higher than those of R-thiopental. Spinal cord to plasma distribution coefficients were approximately 2 x those in the brain, with relative distribution coefficients approximately 10% greater for R-thiopental in both tissues. Plasma concentrations and distribution coefficients of both enantiomers were approximately 10%-20% lower in the halothane-anesthetized group, with a slightly greater effect on R-thiopental distribution. We conclude that the total body clearance of R-thiopental > S-thiopental, that halothane enantioselectively reduces the relative uptake of R-thiopental into brain tissue, and that composition is important in determining the CNS tissue concentrations of thiopental. The reported higher potency of S-thiopental did not seem to be due to its greater distribution into CNS tissues. IMPLICATIONS:Because thiopental is a mixture of two forms (termed R-and S-enantiomers), correct interpretation of its distribution into, and clearance from, the body requires knowledge about both enantiomers. In this study, performed in rats, we showed that the two enantiomers of thiopental differed significantly, with the R-enantiomer having the preferred profile.
journal_name
Anesth Analgjournal_title
Anesthesia and analgesiaauthors
Mather LE,Edwards SR,Duke CC,Cousins MJdoi
10.1097/00000539-199907000-00042subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-01 00:00:00pages
230-5issue
1eissn
0003-2999issn
1526-7598journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:Decompression illness (DCI) is caused by bubble formation in the blood or tissues after a reduction in ambient pressure. Clinically, DCI may range from a trivial illness to paralysis, loss of consciousness, cardiovascular collapse, and death. Recompression is the universally accepted standard for the treat...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181cdb081
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fentanyl pharmacokinetics was compared in two groups of adult patients, one group (n = 5) aged less than 50 years, and one group (n = 4) aged greater than 60 years. Despite equivalent doses of fentanyl (10 microgram/kg IV), serum drug concentrations were significantly higher in the older patient group. This was reflec...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Clonidine decreases the stress-induced sympathoadrenal responses to painful stimuli and improves hemodynamic stability during general anesthesia. Because acute hypertensive responses are often observed immediately after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), we designed a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlle...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000539-199805000-00042
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The accurate measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2) and energy expenditure (EE) may be helpful to optimize the treatment of critically ill patients. However, current techniques are limited in their ability to accurately quantify these end points in infants due to a low VO2, low tidal volume, and rapid respi...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000003308
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the efficacy of a single-injection technique for percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia with a short needle as an alternative to the double-injection technique for cataract extraction. METHODS:We included 200 patients who underwent elective cataract surgery randomized into 2 equal groups. They rece...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c293bd
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We studied 160 ASA I or II patients undergoing elective otolaryngologic surgery in order to compare the anxiolytic effects of a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A agonist, tandospirone, with diazepam. To monitor preoperative anxiety, the following variables were used: systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, hear...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000539-200111000-00034
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Near-infrared spectroscopy is used during cardiac surgery to monitor the adequacy of cerebral perfusion. In this systematic review, we evaluated available data for adult patients to determine (1) whether decrements in cerebral oximetry during cardiac surgery are associated with stroke, postoperative cognitiv...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318277a255
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we attempted to define the minimal dosage of alfentanil (AF) needed in combination with nitrous oxide to provide satisfactory anesthetic conditions for lower abdominal gynecologic surgery. General anesthesia was induced in 12 women with AF (150 micrograms X kg-1) and 66% N2O in O2. An infusion of AF was ...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) is a psycho-physiological test used to identify dysfunction of individual nerve fiber types. In the present study, we investigated whether selective nerve fiber dysfunction, as assessed by QST, correlates with the effectiveness of epidural steroid injections (ESI) in patients with lu...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000078583.47735.69
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combinations of alpha 2 agonists and opiates are used in the clinical management of pain to harness their potential synergistic interaction for analgesia while limiting their side-effects. To better predict the clinical consequences of this combination, we studied the behavioral effects of dexmedetomidine, a highly se...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000539-199609000-00030
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the unique process whereby simulation-based, objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) has been incorporated into the Israeli board examination in anesthesiology. Development of the examination included three steps: a) definition of clinical conditions that residents are required to handle competentl...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000194934.34552.ab
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different additives have been used to prolong regional blockade. We designed a prospective, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to lidocaine on the onset and duration of axillary brachial plexus block. Sixty patients scheduled for elective hand and forearm surgery under axillar...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000189055.06729.0a
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A decline in emergency surgical airway procedures in recent years has resulted in a decreased exposure to cricothyrotomy. Consequently, residents have very little experience or confidence in performing this intervention. In this study, we compared cricothyrotomy skills acquired on a simple inexpensive model ...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181841efe
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous positive end-expiratory pressure (sPEEP) is a simple, low-cost method of providing low to moderate levels of PEEP as an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), whether used alone or with continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) in intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). The ther...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPLICATIONS:We describe a technique of one-lung high-frequency jet ventilation surgery with continuous monitoring of airway pressures that achieves satisfactory operating conditions with less complications than other similar approaches. ...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000539-200301000-00059
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In certifying competence of anesthesiologists who have finished residency training, knowledge and judgment are evaluated objectively using written and oral examinations. Clinical motor skills, however, are not routinely assessed by objective techniques. This implicitly assumes that knowledge and judgment correlate wit...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the interaction between mivacurium and succinylcholine when mivacurium was administered during the early recovery from succinylcholine block. We studied 40 adult patients during propofol-alfentanil-N2O-O2 anesthesia. Neuromuscular function was monitored using an electromyographic method (Relaxograph, D...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000539-199503000-00017
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative safety of epidural catheter placement with subsequent heparinization has been well documented. However, what is the risk of neurologic sequelae in such patients who receive warfarin perioperatively? This study retrospectively evaluates the risk of spinal hematoma in patients receiving postoperative epidur...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1213/00000539-199407000-00017
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catecholamine-induced desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors resulting in hyporesponsiveness to further stimulation has been frequently reported after an increase in endogenous catecholamines. To examine the possibility of beta-adrenoceptor desensitization due to intraoperative adrenergic activation (surgical st...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1213/00000539-199007000-00001
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:In this study, we evaluated the reliability of a newly developed method for pain assessment, which is based on perceptual matching by Pain Matcher, Cefar Medical AB, Lund, Sweden, during minor gynecological surgery. In addition, the responsiveness to two different anesthetic methods-electro-acupuncture or a ...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000539-200207000-00027
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effect of interscalene block (ISB) on pulmonary function of obese participants has not been investigated. The goal of this study is to assess the association of obesity (body mass index [BMI] >29 kg/m vs BMI <25 kg/m) and change in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002180
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocardial motion and surface/volume changes during the cardiac cycle are echocardiographic methods for regional (analysis of wall motion) and global (fractional area change, stroke volume, and ejection fraction) evaluation of cardiac function. These conventional methods can be subjective, and/or time consuming and, ...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31818a6c4c
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hemodynamic effects of mivacurium chloride were studied in 54 adult cardiac patients anesthetized with midazolam and sufentanil. After baseline data were collected, a placebo (N = 9) or mivacurium was administered over 60 seconds, the latter in doses of 0.15 (N = 18), 0.20 (N = 18), or 0.25 (N = 9) mg/kg. Measurem...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We investigated the effects of approach (lateral versus anterior), position (supine versus Trendelenburg), and head rotation (0 degrees, 20 degrees, and maximum) during central venous catheterization on the area of the right internal jugular vein. Twenty-four patients were placed in supine position, followed...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000539-200212000-00010
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:As part of the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study of anesthetic adverse outcomes, we evaluated the incidence and factors related to cardiac arrest during spinal anesthesia. METHODS:During a 12-mo period (March 1, 2003, to February 28, 2004), a prospective, multicenter registry of patients receiv...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31817bd143
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:To determine whether a weight-related dose had advantages over a fixed, large-dose regimen, we measured plasma concentrations of aprotinin by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at set time points in 30 patients having heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. A weight-related dose comprising ...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000539-200104000-00007
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We tested the hypothesis that electro-acupuncture at the Zusanli, Yanglingquan, and Kunlun acupuncture points on the legs decreases anesthetic requirement. Fourteen young, healthy volunteers were anesthetized with desflurane on two separate days. Needle electrodes were positioned at the three acupuncture poi...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000539-200207000-00017
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the efficacy of granisetron and dolasetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Because the metabolism of the various antiemetic 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) antagonists involves different isoforms of the hepatic cytochrome P450 system, we examined the relationship between the clinica...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000200364.55798.3f
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Musculoskeletal deformities in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) patients pose unique challenges when patients present for surgery, especially nonspinal surgery. MPS patients have developed postsurgical neurological deficits after nonspinal surgery. While the incidence of neurological deficits after nonspinal sur...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004215
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that propofol has antiemetic effects even in nonsedative doses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol influences vomiting induced by the dopamine agonist apomorphine. Ten healthy male volunteers received apomorphine infusion (1 mg/min) until vomiting was induced on four differe...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000539-199505000-00019
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00