Abstract:
:Waddell et al in 1980 developed a standardized assessment of behavioral responses to examination. The signs were associated with other clinical measures of illness behavior and distress, and are not simply a feature of medicolegal presentations. Despite clear caveats about the interpretation of the signs, they have been misinterpreted and misused both clinically and medicolegally. Behavioral responses to examination provide useful clinical information, but need to be interpreted with care and understanding. Isolated signs should not be overinterpreted. Multiple signs suggest that the patient does not have a straightforward physical problem, but that psychological factors also need to be considered. Some patients may require both physical management of their physical pathology and more careful management of the psychosocial and behavioral aspects of their illness. Behavioral signs should be understood as response affected by fear in the context of recovery from injury and the development of chronic incapacity. They offer only a psychological "yellow-flag" and not a complete psychological assessment. Behavioral signs are not on their own a test of credibility or faking.
journal_name
Spine (Phila Pa 1976)journal_title
Spineauthors
Main CJ,Waddell Gdoi
10.1097/00007632-199811010-00025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
2367-71issue
21eissn
0362-2436issn
1528-1159journal_volume
23pub_type
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