Abstract:
:Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an age-old problem; more so since the blooming of ambulatory or day surgery centres within the last 2 decades. The aetiology of PONV is multifactorial. The incidence of PONV is usually higher in women and children than in men. PONV not only causes patient discomfort, anxiety in mild cases, and serious complications in severe cases, it also decreases cost efficiency. The benefits and risks of old and new antiemetic drugs used worldwide to treat PONV are discussed in this article, including the newly developed serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5HT3) antagonists. All the medications currently used to treat PONV have both advantages and disadvantages. If used indiscriminately to treat patients who have no problems with PONV, the risks of adverse effects often outweigh the benefits. The patient's history and the nature of the surgery are good indicators for defining those at risk from PONV; for patients at risk preventive treatment is essential. However, it is almost impossible to pick one agent or one combination as the therapy of choice using the present available data. A patient history of a favourable response to a previously used antiemetic would make that drug the agent of choice. So far, the newcomers, the 5HT3 antagonists, have fewer reported adverse effects.
journal_name
Drug Safjournal_title
Drug safetyauthors
Sung YFdoi
10.2165/00002018-199614030-00005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-03-01 00:00:00pages
181-97issue
3eissn
0114-5916issn
1179-1942journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUG SAFETY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions to regulatory bodies and market authorization holders are important in pharmacovigilance. Follow-up information, which can be difficult to obtain, is often required from reporters; therefore, we developed targeted follow-up letters that we hoped would m...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11318940-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute intoxication with inorganic fluoride disrupts numerous physiological systems. As a potent acid it acts corrosively on the skin and mucous membranes, producing severe burns. As the most electronegative element it tightly binds many cations essential to homeostasis, producing, for example, profound hypocalcaemia a...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199005020-00001
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In August 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) made the controversial decision to approve flibanserin (Addyi®) for women experiencing hypoactive sexual desire disorder. A number of factors contributed to disagreements regarding the FDA's decision, including the product's two prior failed FDA reviews, the un...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-015-0389-2
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Betahistine is a structural analogue of histamine that is prescribed for the treatment of vestibular disorders such as Ménière's disease and the symptomatic treatment of vertigo. It is estimated from sales information that >130 million patients have been exposed to the drug since its registration in 1968. In this revi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200629110-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Minocycline is an antibacterial drug used in the treatment of acne. Concern has been expressed over the possibility of severe adverse reactions to minocycline, including hepatitis. This study set out to identify and characterise reported cases of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of minocycline. METHODS...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200023040-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced torsade de pointes is a rare life-threatening adverse drug reaction (ADR) which is strongly influenced by gender. Drugs that prolong cardiac repolarisation include antiarrhythmics, gastrokinetics, antipsychotics, antihistamines and antibacterials. Such drugs share the potential to block cardiac voltage-ga...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124080-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Randomized controlled trials always report the dose assessed and usually include a measure of adherence. By comparison, observational studies assessing medication safety often fail to report the dose used and rarely report any measure of adherence to therapy. This limits the ability to control for differences in doses...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-015-0347-z
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe skin adverse drug reactions can result in death, but the rate of such events is fortunately low. The incidences of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis range from 1.2 to 6 per million per year and 0.4 to 1.2 per million per year, respectively. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is fatal in about 5% and...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199513010-00007
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Evaluation of risk minimization (RM) actions is an emerging area of regulatory science, often without tools to rapidly and systematically assess their effectiveness. PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether chronographs, typically used for rapid signal detection in observational longitudinal ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-019-00853-y
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Automated disproportionality analysis of spontaneous reporting is increasingly used routinely. It can theoretically be influenced by a competition bias for signal detection owing to the presence of reports related to well-established drug-event associations. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to explore the...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03261981
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Examination of clinical data routinely recorded in general practice provides significant opportunities for identifying and quantifying medicine-related adverse events not captured by spontaneous adverse reaction reporting systems. Robust pharmacovigilance methods for detecting and monitoring adverse events d...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03261970
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are now included in immunisation programmes in 71 countries. Unfortunately, uptake has been impacted in some countries by reduced confidence in the safety of the HPV vaccine. In 2013, we published an extensive review demonstrating a reassuring safety profile for bivalent (2vHPV) and...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0625-z
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of triple regimens, often called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), generally involving 2 nucleoside analogues and an HIV protease inhibitor, have been endorsed as the standard of care for persons with HIV initiating therapy by a number of sets of international guidelines. The widespread availabilit...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920040-00002
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unintended reactions caused by a drug or combination of drugs taken by a patient. The current safety surveillance system relies on spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) and more recently on observational health data; however, ADR detection may be delayed and lack geographic...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-020-00943-2
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several efforts are under way to develop and test methods for prospective drug safety monitoring using large, electronic claims databases. Prospective monitoring systems must incorporate signalling algorithms and techniques to mitigate confounding in order to minimize false positive and false negative signal...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11594770-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the UK, spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by healthcare professionals has been in operation since 1964 through the Yellow Card Scheme (YCS). From 2005, patients themselves have been able to submit Yellow Card reports. OBJECTIVE:To compare patient characteristics, suspected ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11536510-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:New pharmacovigilance legislation was adopted in the EU in 2010 and became operational in July 2012. The legislation placed an obligation on all national competent authorities (NCAs) and marketing authorisation holders (MAHs) to record and report cases of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) received fr...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0534-1
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Adverse drug events (ADEs) may represent an important item of expenditure for healthcare systems and their prevention could be associated with a relevant cost saving. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to simulate the annual economic burden for ADEs in Tuscany (Italy) and the potential cost savings...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-018-0737-0
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After initial enthusiasm, the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) has been limited by the wide range of MAOI-drug and MAOI-food interactions that are possible, particularly with sympathomimetic medications or tyramine-containing foods, resulting in hypertensive reactions. Despite their clinical benefits, this ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199614040-00002
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A spectrum of adverse drug reactions that are caused by the combined action of drugs and viruses has been described: ampicillin rash in acute infectious mononucleosis; Reye's syndrome; hypersensitivity reactions to sulphonamides in patients with HIV infection; drug-induced agranulocytosis; paracetamol (acetaminophen) ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199716010-00001
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term 'benefit-risk ratio' is often used as a general term linked to the use of a medicine. To balance risk and benefit is, however, a very complex exercise. For most medicines the benefits are limited to a few indications and for an individual patient there is usually only a single benefit sought but the potential...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199615010-00001
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication associated with a lower suicide rate compared with other antipsychotic agents. Clozapine is used specifically in patients for whom previous therapy was inadequate or not tolerated, and is the only antipsychotic agent associated with the development of myocarditis. OB...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730010-00005
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the introduction of the interferons in the 1990s, a multitude of different immunomodulatory and immunosuppressant disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been developed. They have all shown positive effects on clinical endpoints such as relapse rate and disease progression and are a heteroge...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-018-0782-8
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence from animal studies has raised the possibility that immunisation by vaccines can influence the pathogenesis of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In non-obese diabetic mice and biobreeding rats, complete Freund's adjuvant and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine have successfully been used...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920030-00001
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic abnormalities including impaired glucose metabolism, exacerbation of existing diabetes mellitus and new-onset type 2 diabetes. Not all atypical antipsychotic agents appear to have the same propensity to cause these complications. OBJECTIVE:To asses...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730070-00004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eosinophils play a pivotal role in the inflammatory pathology of asthma and have been the target of new biologic treatments for patients with eosinophilic asthma. Given the central role of interleukin (IL)-5 in the eosinophil lifecycle, several therapies directed against the IL-5 pathway have been developed, including...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-020-00926-3
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and pathophysiological differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients are observed in many aspects of heart disease. Indeed, data derived from studies in one population cannot be automatically extrapolated to the other. The therapeutic goal of heart failure has recently been aimed at improving mortality ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200427001-00004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis is an uncommon but potentially serious adverse reaction, resulting in acute diarrhoea and characterised by colonic pseudomembranes. A direct relationship between the disease, recent antibiotic therapy and proliferation of Clostridium difficile in the colonic lumen was est...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199106050-00004
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug eruptions are among the most common adverse drug reactions, affecting approximately 3% of hospitalised patients. Although the rate of severe cutaneous adverse reactions to medications is low, these reactions can affect anyone who takes medication, and can result in death or disability. Two general patterns can be...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730110-00003
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the pattern of and the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Hong Kong, a prospective study of acute admissions to 2 general medical wards at the Prince of Wales Hospital was undertaken. Of the 1701 admissions included in this study, 74 (4.4%) were attributed to ADRs. Sulphonylureas, nonsteroi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199207030-00008
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00