Abstract:
:Acute intoxication with inorganic fluoride disrupts numerous physiological systems. As a potent acid it acts corrosively on the skin and mucous membranes, producing severe burns. As the most electronegative element it tightly binds many cations essential to homeostasis, producing, for example, profound hypocalcaemia and resultant inhibition of normal blood coagulation. As a metabolic poison it stimulates some enzymes, such as adenylate cyclase, and severely inhibits others, such as Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Death can result from these processes and also from a delayed, explosive hyperkalaemia. Therapy of acute poisoning is aimed first, at preventing the absorption of fluoride by incorporating it into insoluble fluoride compounds; secondly, at enhancing fluoride tolerance by maintaining normal blood pH and electrolytes, and aggressive general support of the toxic patient; and thirdly, at manipulating renal excretion or removing fluoride with dialysis and haemoperfusion. If the poisoned patient can be supported for 24 hours, the prognosis improves markedly, although delayed toxicity can occur.
journal_name
Drug Safjournal_title
Drug safetyauthors
McIvor MEdoi
10.2165/00002018-199005020-00001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-03-01 00:00:00pages
79-85issue
2eissn
0114-5916issn
1179-1942journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUG SAFETY文献大全abstract::Although inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids are first-line therapy for asthma and allergic rhinitis, there has recently been an increasing awareness of their propensity to produce systemic adverse effects. The availability of more potent and lipophilic corticosteroids and new chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free formulat...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200023010-00002
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Individual case reports of suspected harm from medicines are fundamental for signal detection in postmarketing surveillance. Their effective analysis requires reliable data and one challenge is report duplication. These are multiple unlinked records describing the same suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) i...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0146-y
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are 2 isoenzymes of cyclo-oxygenase (COX). There is a constitutive enzyme COX-1 which has a wide tissue distribution. In addition there is an inducible enzyme COX-2 which has a restricted tissue distribution. The inducible enzyme COX-2 is responsible for the generation of prostaglandins at sites of tissue inflam...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199615040-00003
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the UK, spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by healthcare professionals has been in operation since 1964 through the Yellow Card Scheme (YCS). From 2005, patients themselves have been able to submit Yellow Card reports. OBJECTIVE:To compare patient characteristics, suspected ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11536510-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease may interact with the renal system in a variety of ways. Since many agents are eliminated by renal excretion, clearance of these agents may be reduced and half-life extended in the presence of renal insufficiency. The histamine H2-receptor antagonists may interfere w...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199207040-00004
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombocytopenia has been reported as an adverse reaction of numerous drugs. Vancomycin is often overlooked as a culprit but has been associated with several cases of thrombocytopenia that were not well described in the literature. A literature search was conducted to find reports of thrombocytopenia induced by vancom...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0469-y
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Review of the medical records of 2 major adult teaching hospitals for a 4-year period revealed 33 instances of carbamazepine overdose. These patients had a mean age of 30 years and 58% were known epileptics. They ingested a mean of 12g carbamazepine (range 1.6 to 45g), with 51% of cases involving other drugs, particul...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199308010-00010
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In November 2009, a vaccination campaign against Influenza A (H1N1) was started in the Netherlands. The accelerated registration procedure of the vaccines used in this campaign and the use of these vaccines on a large scale indicated a need for real-time safety monitoring. OBJECTIVE:To describe the processi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11539270-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over-the-counter analgesics (OTCAs), principally paracetamol (acetaminophen)-containing compounds and NSAIDs, are commonly used medications. Guidelines for the use of these agents in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are not available, despite the possibility that such patients may be more susceptibl...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200831030-00007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following reports of sudden death in patients taking medication to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this study aimed to identify cases of death in patients prescribed stimulants and atomoxetine and to determine any association between these and sudden death. METHOD:The UK General Pract...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11317630-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is a very common medical emergency that, until recently, had no specific treatment. Following the results of several major trials (including 2 'mega-trials'), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) can be recommended for the majority of patients with acute ischaemic stroke. While the benefit of aspirin is only modest, ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199819050-00004
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eosinophils play a pivotal role in the inflammatory pathology of asthma and have been the target of new biologic treatments for patients with eosinophilic asthma. Given the central role of interleukin (IL)-5 in the eosinophil lifecycle, several therapies directed against the IL-5 pathway have been developed, including...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-020-00926-3
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many drug products contain excipients which perform important functions in terms of stability, solubility and identification. Excipients should not be considered as inactive ingredients, as they have been associated with a wide range of adverse reactions in some individuals. Monitoring for excipient toxicity is import...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199000051-00015
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pelargonium (Pelargonium sidoides DC and P. reniforme Curtis) is reported to have immune modulating properties and antibacterial activity, and Pelargonium extracts have been used for the treatment of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections. Introduced in the early 1980s in Germany, Umckaloabo (ISO Arzneimitt...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730080-00004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced QT interval prolongation is now a major concern in safety pharmacology. Regulatory authorities such as the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency require in vitro testing of all drug candidates against the potential risk for QT interval prolongation prior to clinical trials. Common in vitro methods incl...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200427110-00002
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Although the mortality risk associated with tramadol use in children has triggered the revision of tramadol drug labeling, the mortality risk in adults has not been thoroughly explored. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to evaluate whether tramadol use is associated with mortality in various risk ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-018-00786-y
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current antiretroviral therapy has lead to longer survival in patients infected with HIV, but it is also associated with new and important problems. Body fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities, the so-called lipodystrophy syndrome, are among the most prevalent and worrisome ones. While an increasing number of ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124030-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is fundamental to drug safety surveillance (pharmacovigilance); however, substantial under-reporting exists and is the main limitation of the system. Several factors could favour under-reporting. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this pilot study was to assess the e...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11319170-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or ALS-like conditions have arisen in apparent association with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ('statins') and/or other lipid-lowering drugs (collectively termed 'statins' in this paper for brevity), additional information is needed to understand whether the c...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200932080-00004
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute liver failure is idiopathic and drug-related in, respectively, around 50 and 15 % of children. Population-based, epidemiologic data about the pattern of disease manifestation and incidence of less severe acute liver injury, either idiopathic or potentially drug-attributed are limited in children and ad...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-013-0045-7
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a well-known adverse effect of dopamine agonists (DAAs). This critical review aims to summarize data on the prevalence and factors associated with the development of an ICD simultaneous to DAA use. A search of two electronic databases was completed from inception to July 2017. The ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0590-6
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The availability of large-scale observational healthcare data allows for the active monitoring of safety of drugs, but research is needed to determine which statistical methods are best suited for this task. Recently, the Longitudinal Gamma Poisson Shrinker (LGPS) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Observational...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-013-0107-x
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::All national guidelines for the management of hypertension recommend angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) as an initial or add-on antihypertensive therapy. The eight available ARBs have variable clinical efficacy when used for control of hypertension. Additive blood pressure-lowering effects have been demonstrated whe...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0239-7
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Medication-related adverse events (MRAEs) form a large proportion of all adverse events in hospitalized patients and are associated with considerable preventable harm. Detailed information on harm related to drugs administered during hospitalization is scarce. Knowledge of the nature and preventability of MR...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11536800-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review evaluates the benefits and potential health risks of the currently used drugs that are approved for the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Analysis of several long term clinical trials indicates that all of these drugs are efficient in reducing excess bodyweight, and that the majority of them allow the ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920020-00003
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe skin adverse drug reactions can result in death, but the rate of such events is fortunately low. The incidences of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis range from 1.2 to 6 per million per year and 0.4 to 1.2 per million per year, respectively. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is fatal in about 5% and...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199513010-00007
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prognosis is generally poor for patients who experience a cardiac arrest. The most common causes of sudden cardiac arrest are massive pulmonary embolism (PE) and acute myocardial infarction (MI). While thrombolysis is a first-line treatment option in massive PE and acute MI, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326060-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug eruptions are among the most common adverse drug reactions, affecting approximately 3% of hospitalised patients. Although the rate of severe cutaneous adverse reactions to medications is low, these reactions can affect anyone who takes medication, and can result in death or disability. Two general patterns can be...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730110-00003
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug interactions in patients receiving multiple drug regimens are a constant concern for the clinician. With the increased availability of new drugs and their concomitant use with other drugs, there has been a rise in the potential for adverse drug interactions as demonstrated by the recent withdrawals of newly marke...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124100-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benefit-risk assessment should be ongoing during the life cycle of a pharmaceutical agent. New products are subjected to rigorous registration laws and rules, which attempt to assure the availability and validity of evidence. For older products, bias in benefit-risk assessment is more likely, as a number of safeguards...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200932040-00003
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00