Abstract：
:Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) has been in use for over 20 years and currently is probably the most prescribed anti-cancer medication in the world. It is an orally effective, synthetic, non-steroidal, estrogen antagonist and agonist agent. In studies and trials it has been shown to have only limited side effects. It has produced regressions in women with fibrocystic changes, including precancerous ones, and in those with metastatic breast cancer, where its benefits were first observed. It has increased disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates when given as an adjuvant systemic type of therapy in women with early breast cancers, and it has reduced the incidence of contralateral breast cancers. In addition there are reports indicating its long term use, especially in postmenopausal women, may produce overall health benefits. Over the years an increasing body of data has emerged allowing for viable hypotheses about the possible use of tamoxifen in the prophylaxis of breast cancer, namely that when administered in long-term therapy it may reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women so treated, that it may provide overall health benefits, particularly in postmenopausal women, and that its benefits should far outweigh any risks from its relatively limited side effects. However, carefully designed and conducted clinical trials are needed to test the safety of tamoxifen and its ability to prevent breast cancer before it is advocated for the prophylactic treatment of healthy women to prevent breast cancer, even realizing the increasing magnitude of the breast cancer problem.
journal_name
Int Surgjournal_title
International surgeryauthors
Leis HP Jrsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-04-01 00:00:00pages
176-82issue
2eissn
0020-8868issn
2520-2456journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A clinical review has been made of 55 patients who underwent surgery for parotid tumors between 1972 and 1987. The incidence of pleomorphic adenomas was 61.8%. The F.N.A.B. permitted us to reach a correct preoperative diagnosis in 94% of the cases. The surgical procedures we used were: enucleation in eight cases, enuc...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemobilia is the process of bleeding into the biliary tree and is an unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. When this event results from a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm, it is a particularly rare phenomenon; fewer than 20 cases are described in the literature. Alongside the literature review, we report a c...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.9738/CC52.1
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prognosis of pancreatic duct carcinoma is determined mainly by the degree of local invasion, particularly of the portal system and/or associated arteries supplying the carcinoma. Intraoperative (25-36.5 Gy of betatron) and/or external (14.4-25.6 Gy, preoperatively, and 24-61.2 Gy, postoperatively, using lineac pho...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is increasing. About 30% of the tumors cannot be completely resected, and 40% of the patients relapse after complete resection. There is much controversy over the role of neoadjuvant therapy, the approach route, lymphadenectomy, and the extent of esophageal res...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prophylactic use of the antifibrinolytic drug, PAMBA, in a small intravenous dose preoperatively, combined with local irrigation postoperatively, effectively reduces blood loss. The drug is safe and relatively free of adverse side effects, but attentive postoperative care is warranted. ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred and seven patients aged from 37 to 65 years with noninflammatory breast cancer treated by surgery without radiation were studied over a ten year period with a view to forecasting the prognosis on the basis of the immune status and treatment. The immunocompetence or immune status was studied in 121 patients...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seventy-six patients with tricuspid insufficiency associated with other valvular lesions underwent De Vega annuloplasty. There were mitral lesions in 74 patients, aortic valve lesions in eight and atrial septal defects (ASD) in four. The radiographic and electrocardiographic findings and hemodynamic data are reported ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Record-files of 126 pyeloplasties of different types performed on 119 patients (7 bilaterally), between 1966 and 1989, have been reviewed in an attempt to illustrate the selective approach to hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Clinical success was achieved in all cases. A new grading system for ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been established as a very valuable asset for patient monitoring during cardiac surgery. The value of perioperative TEE for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is less clear. This article reviews the technical aspects of TEE and comments on the potential benefit of using T...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.9738/CC61.1
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our hypothesis was that a low concentration (30%) of phenol would be more effective than a high concentration (80%) in the treatment of pilonidal disease. The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of high and low doses of liquid phenol in the treatment of pilonidal disease. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DA...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.9738/INTSURG-D-15-00120.1
更新日期：2016-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:We have devised a method of esophageal transection using a suture device. This method interrupts the esophageal varices directly. We have performed this operation in 30 cases with satisfactory results. Blood loss is minimal. The operation is both shorter and simpler than conventional technics. ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Operative stabilization of massive chest wall instability is described in 38 patients. 35 patients were young combat casualties with penetrating chest injuries operated upon at front hospitals with limited resources, two patients sustained automobile accidents with blunt thoracic trauma resulting in an extensive flial...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fracture of the penis is a rare injury, only 135 patients having been reported by 1985. Our recent experience with six patients who underwent emergency surgery, has been documented. The results of treatment were excellent with complete recovery of function. The study recommends operative management as the treatment of...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of endobronchial metastasis from breast cancer is presented. The anatomopathological findings suggested the presence of another primary site with metastatic pleural effusion. It is imperative, however, to consider intrathoracic metastasis in patients with breast carcinoma and presenting symptoms such as cough, ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benign tracheal stenosis is responsible for considerable morbidity, and it is difficult to treat. Our objective is to present the results of surgical treatment. This was a retrospective chart review from the tertiary care center on Head and Neck Surgery in Hospital Ana Costa. We performed a retrospective review of 19 ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the earliest possible diagnosis of breast carcinoma achieved through the integration of clinical, mammographic, sonographic and cytologic data has determined an increased detection of breast lesions and a greater accuracy in their description. Nevertheless, the nature of some of these lesions cannot be well...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy (LH) shares the same repair principle as open preperitoneal prosthetic herniorrhaphy (PPH). Theoretically, the recurrence rate of LH for recurrent inguinal hernia will match the low recurrence rate of PPH (1.2-3%). METHODS:One-hundred forty-five cases of recurrent inguinal hernia ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We retrospectively evaluated rectal cancer surgery cases in which resection had been performed for invasion of other organs in terms of pathologic findings from the viewpoint of sex differences. We enrolled 61 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who had undergone curative surgery with resection of invaded adjacent...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.9738/INTSURG-D-13-00027.1
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the possible role of truncal ligation of inferior thyroid arteries on post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, a prospective study was carried out on 80 patients. Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy was performed for non-toxic nodular goiter in two groups. Inferior thyroid arteries were ligated bilaterally in 50 patien...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome of the patients with cervicothoracic tuberculosis who underwent radical debridement, reconstruction with bone autograft or allograft, and plate internal fixation via anterior approach. From June 2000 to December 2010, 20 patients with tuberculosis in cervicoth...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.9738/cc62.1
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results obtained with temporary ileal cecostomy in 23 patients are reported. Particular attention is given to the incidence of anastomotic leakage, morbidity, mortality, hospitalization and nursing. The results achieved were successful and, although the series presented is small, the authors suggest that this techniqu...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of preoperative cytology and galactography in women with nipple discharge using a simple intraductal aspiration method. From May 1997 to February 2002, 172 patients with unilateral, spontaneous nipple discharge without palpable masses underwent intraductal...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For a variety of reasons, mainly anatomical, the skin and soft tissue defects in the lower leg and foot remain a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. Simple skin grafts, local random flaps, cross leg flaps, microvascular flaps, etc., have been used to tackle this difficult problem. Although to date, probab...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of the 365 surgical techniques performed on the aorto-iliac area in 354 patients, 448 extremities were revascularized by means of the insertion of a prosthesis as a by-pass, and 165 by thromboendarterectomy (TEA), either global or ilio-femoral. The patency rate at five years was 83% for prostheses, and 72% for TEAs, s...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tubal occlusion through a culdotomy incision offers a method of surgical sterilization acceptable to women in some countries where abdominal sterilization is not acceptable. This technic requires skilled gynecologic surgeons, who are a limited resource in many developing countries. On the other hand, gynecologic surge...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:En bloc resection of the esophagus was attempted by right thoracotomy, laparotomy, and left cervicotomy in 82 patients suffering from an esophageal cancer. Tumors were classified by the depth of wall penetration and node involvement: 21 tumors penetrated at the most into but not through the muscle (W1), and 61 invaded...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NO is an important mediator in the generalized inflammatory response of the body during sepsis and septic shock. We investigated the possible effects of L-arginine and aminoguanidine on plasma NO levels and the interaction between NO levels and lung tissue damage and blood gases in sepsis. Fifty Wistar male rats were ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A gallstone ileus is an unusual form of bowel obstruction. Colonic gallstone ileus is rare, difficult to diagnose, and still has a high mortality rate. We present a case of biliary ileus caused by an impacted gallstone, causing necrosis and perforation of the rectosigmoid junction. A Hartmann's procedure was performed...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salivary gland neoplasms represent the most complex and diverse group of tumors encountered by the head and neck oncologist. Their diagnosis and management is complicated by their relative infrequency. The significance of the study was to analyze the different types of salivary gland tumors, the modalities of treatmen...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary lymphoma of the spleen is a relatively rare clinical entity. The majority of patients reported with this entity not only have splenic involvement but also have had lymph node and/or liver involvement. The patient reported presented with splenomegaly and was otherwise asymptomatic. Only splenic involvement was ...
journal_title：International surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
