Abstract:
:Retroviruses are a family of widespread small animal viruses about 110 nm in diameter, composed of an inner core surrounded by an outer envelope formed of a lipid bilayer of cellular origin in which are anchored viral glycoproteins. The inner core is formed by an outer shell of capsid protein molecules (CA protein) surrounding the dimeric RNA genome in close association with about 2000 molecules of nucleocapsid protein (NC protein) and molecules of reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN). Conversion of the genomic single-stranded RNA into a double-stranded proviral DNA by RT takes place in the nucleocapsid substructure and involves two DNA strand transfers to generate the long terminal repeats (LTR) required for IN-mediated integration of the proviral DNA into the cellular genome and its expression. In this review we have summarized some of the properties and functions of the nucleocapsid protein of the most intensely studied oncoretroviruses (MuLV and ASLV) and lentiviruses (HIV-1). Recent biochemical and genetic data on retroviral NC proteins have shown that this small viral protein endowed with a strong affinity for nucleic acids exhibits nucleic acid annealing and strand transfer activities and is required for the formation of infectious viral particles. These new activities of NC protein are most probably necessary at the early steps of proviral DNA synthesis. The 3-D structures of HIV-1 and MoMuLV NC proteins, deduced from NMR studies, are characterized by a central globular domain with one (MoMuLV) or two (HIV-1) zinc fingers. This should facilitate a rational approach of new anti-HIV therapies based on inhibition of NC protein functions. Due to space limitations and the very abundant literature on retroviruses, references to articles prior to the publication of the second volume of RNA Tumor Viruses in 1985 (Weiss et al., 1985) will be minimal. We also direct the reader to an excellent review which summarizes recent insights into biochemical and structural aspects of the retroviral enzymes PR, RT and IN (Katz & Skalka, 1994).
journal_name
J Mol Bioljournal_title
Journal of molecular biologyauthors
Darlix JL,Lapadat-Tapolsky M,de Rocquigny H,Roques BPdoi
10.1006/jmbi.1995.0635subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-08 00:00:00pages
523-37issue
4eissn
0022-2836issn
1089-8638pii
S0022-2836(85)70635-3journal_volume
254pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Here, we report the molecular characterization of the human cytomegalovirus uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) UL114. Purified UL114 was shown to be a DNA glycosylase, which removes uracil from double-stranded and single-stranded DNA. However, kinetic analysis has shown that viral UNG removed uracil more slowly compared wit...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.028
更新日期:2008-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::P-type ATPases are involved in the active transport of ions across biological membranes. The KdpFABC complex (P-type ATPase) of Escherichia coli is a high-affinity K+ uptake system that operates only when the cell experiences osmotic stress or K+ limitation. Here, we present the solution structure of the nucleotide bi...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.060
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Bacillus subtilis chemoreceptor McpB is a dimer of identical subunits containing two transmembrane (TM) segments (TM1, residues 17-34: TM2, residues 280-302) in each monomer with a 2-fold axis of symmetry. To study the organization of the TM domains, the wild-type receptor was mutated systematically at the membran...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00834-9
更新日期:2003-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Iron loss in vitro by the iron scavenger bovine lactoferrin was investigated in acidic media in the presence of three different monoanions (NO(3)(-), Cl(-) and Br(-)) and one dianion (SO(4)(2-)). Holo and monoferric C-site lactoferrins lose iron in acidic media (pH< or =3.5) by a four-step mechanism. The first two ste...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4101
更新日期:2000-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::GDP liganded tubulin, which is inactive in microtubule assembly, polymerizes into rings more readily than the active GTP liganded protein. The structure of double rings made of highly purified GDP-tubulin has been characterized to 3 nm resolution with synchrotron X-ray solution scattering. The scattering profile has c...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1282
更新日期:1994-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteriophage T4 replication origins ori(uvsY) and ori(34) each contain two distinct components: a T4 middle-mode promoter that is strictly required for replication and a downstream region of about 50 bp that is required for maximal levels of replication. Here, we present evidence that structure of the downstream ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0844
更新日期:1997-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of three consecutive laminin-type EGF-like (LE) modules of mouse laminin gammma1 chain, gamma1III3-5 (positions 738 to 899), has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement in a crystal of space group p6(4)22 (a=b=74.57 angstroms, c = 185.11 angstroms and gamma = 120 degrees). The crystal structu...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0191
更新日期:1996-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of including different energy contributions in calculations of electrostatic energies in proteins is examined by calculating the intrinsic pKa values of the acidic groups of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. It appears that such calculations provide a powerful and revealing test; the relevant solvati...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(85)90411-5
更新日期:1985-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::The Integrases of bacteriophages lambda and HK022 promote recombination between DNA molecules that carry attachment sites. The two integrases are about 70% identical in sequence and catalyze nearly identical reactions, but recognize different sets of sites. To identify the amino acids that determine this difference in...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0486
更新日期:1995-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::In bacteria, the regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. The autoinducer-2 production protein LuxS, is involved in a novel quorum-sensing system and is thought to catalyse the degradation of S-ribosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and the autoinducer molecule 4,5-di...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5027
更新日期:2001-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Single crystals of cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase from Thiosphaera pantotropha have been grown in the presence of ammonium sulphate by vapour diffusion techniques. Crystals are suitable for X-ray analysis and diffract to dmin = 1.5 A. They belong to space group P2(1) with unit cell dimensions of a = 107.8 A, b = 61....
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1473
更新日期:1993-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::The three-dimensional structure of 2H1, a protective monoclonal antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans, has been solved at 2.4 A resolution, in both its unbound form and in complex with the 12 amino acid residue peptide PA1 (GLQYTPSWMLVG). PA1 was previously identified as a potential mimotope of the cryptococcal capsular...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1407
更新日期:1997-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::The immI region of bacteriophage P1 includes the ant/reb gene, which encodes the antirepressor protein, and the c4 gene, which encodes a repressor molecule that negatively regulates antirepressor synthesis. The antirepressor interferes with the activity of the P1 repressor of lytic function, the product of the c1 gene...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(89)90591-3
更新日期:1989-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Reconstitution of liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) apo-hemoglobin with hemins selectively deuterated at specific positions has permitted the assignment of several heme resonances in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the Met-aquo and Met-cyano forms of the holoprotein. It was established that in t...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90612-7
更新日期:1987-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Thorough knowledge of the molecular principles of protein-protein recognition is essential to our understanding of protein function at the cellular level. Whereas interactions of ordered proteins have been analyzed in great detail, complexes of intrinsically unstructured/disordered proteins (IUPs) have hardly been add...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.07.004
更新日期:2007-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::The F plasmid in Escherichia coli has its own partition mechanism controlled by the sopA and sopB genes, and by the cis-acting sopC region. The DNA sequence of the entire partition region and its flanking regions is described here. Two large open reading frames coding for 43,700 Mr and 35,400 Mr proteins correspond to...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(86)90459-6
更新日期:1986-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Pre-steady-state chemical quenched-flow techniques were used to study DNA unwinding catalyzed by Escherichia coli UvrD helicase (helicase II), a member of the SF1 helicase superfamily. Single turnover experiments, with respect to unwinding of a DNA oligonucleotide, were used to examine the DNA substrate and UvrD conce...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3185
更新日期:1999-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription of the beta-globin genes in mouse erythroleukemia cells has been examined by hybridizing labeled RNA obtained from isolated nuclei after chain elongation in the presence of [alpha-32P]UTP. There is induction of at least 30-fold of beta maj globin transcription after cells are treated with either dime...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(84)80016-9
更新日期:1984-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::We reported recently that activation of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) is required for efficient HIV-1 Gag trafficking and viral particle release. IP3R activation requires phospholipase C (PLC)-catalyzed hydrolysis of PI(4,5)P(2) to IP3 and diacylglycerol. We show that Sprouty2 (Spry2), which binds PI...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2011.04.069
更新日期:2011-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::A map of the 30 S ribosomal subunit is presented giving the positions of 15 of its 21 proteins. The components located in the map are S1, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S14, S15, S18 and S20. ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(84)90338-3
更新日期:1984-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Lactoferrin is an iron transport protein. Upon binding iron, the two domains in the N-terminal half of the molecule move together. Previous work has shown that this domain closure involves two hinges. Using the newly refined structure of the open form, the structural mechanism underlying this motion is analyzed here i...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1592
更新日期:1993-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Transverse sections (100 to 140 nm thick) of the flight muscles of the fleshfly Phormia terrae-novae and the housefly Musca domestica were studied. The images of 56 tubular myosin filaments of the fleshfly and 62 filaments of the housefly were digitized and computer processed by rotational averaging. The rotational po...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(88)90637-7
更新日期:1988-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::RNA polymerase III transcription of genes with external promoters only (e.g. U6 snRNA) or containing in addition an internal B box (selenocysteine tRNA(Sec)) is stimulated by upstream elements; a distal sequence element (DSE) for U6 or an activator element in the tRNA(Sec) gene. In contrast to the composite structure ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1588
更新日期:1993-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Halobacterium salinarium is a chemo- and phototactic archaeon whose signal transduction pathway includes the classical two-component system made up of CheA and CheY. Deletion analysis of the che operon in H. salinarium has been undertaken. Following the removal of the entire operon, the importance of each of the four ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0267
更新日期:1996-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine-mediated regulation is remarkably well conserved in very divergent bacteria, and shows a number of unusual features that distinguish arginine regulation from other transcriptional control mechanisms. The arginine repressor subunit consists of a basic N-terminal DNA-binding domain, which belongs to the winged ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5236
更新日期:2002-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are a large superfamily of NADPH-dependent enzymes that catalyze the reduction of aldehydes, aldoses, dicarbonyls, steroids, and monosaccharides. While their precise physiological role is generally unknown, AKRs are nevertheless involved in the detoxification of a broad range of toxic metab...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.02.021
更新日期:2010-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Tafazzin is a mitochondrial enzyme that exchanges fatty acids between phospholipids by phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylation. The reaction alters the molecular species composition and, as a result, the physical properties of lipids. In vivo, the most important substrate of tafazzin is the mitochondria-specific ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.026
更新日期:2020-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::beta-Glucosyltransferase (BGT) is a DNA-modifying enzyme encoded by bacteriophage T4 that transfers glucose from uridine diphosphoglucose to 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine bases of phage T4 DNA. We report six X-ray structures of the substrate-free and the UDP-bound enzyme. Four also contain metal ions which activate the enz...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4905
更新日期:2001-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis is orchestrated by five developmental sigma factors and further modulated by several auxiliary transcription factors. One of these, SpoVT, regulates forespore-specific sigma(G)-dependent genes and plays a key role in the final stages of spore formation. We have determined the c...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.10.061
更新日期:2009-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::The hydrolytic endoribonuclease RNase E, which is widely distributed in bacteria and plants, plays key roles in mRNA degradation and RNA processing in Escherichia coli. The enzymatic activity of RNase E is contained within the conserved amino-terminal half of the 118 kDa protein, and the carboxy-terminal half organize...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.046
更新日期:2004-07-23 00:00:00