The probability that a specific cancer and a specified radiation exposure are causally related.

abstract：:Studies performed decades ago in the canine and nonhuman primate established the dose response relationships for the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome in response to mixed neutron/gamma, x-radiation, and Co gamma radiation. There were no published studies that determined the dose response relationships for the ga...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： MacVittie TJ,Jackson W 3rd

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emergency responders from the Department of Energy are trained regularly to assess the environmental consequences of a radiological or nuclear incident. While drills and exercises are highly effective tools in rehearsing for an emergency, the accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants presented real-world...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Musolino SV,Clark H,McCullough T,Pemberton W

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiation sickness is challenging to diagnose, and the diagnosis is often based on nonclinical data. In accidents where patients are not aware of their exposure to radiation (so-called "occult exposures"), a correct diagnosis can take weeks or months. The purpose of this study is to review the time to diagnosis of rad...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kunkler J,Adams TG,Manger M,Casagrande R

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal absorption of strontium from an oral test dose was studied in 13 healthy human volunteers using double tracer techniques with two stable strontium isotopes as tracers. Defined amounts of one isotope were administered orally, while tracer amounts of the second isotope were injected intravenously. Two differe...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Höllriegl V,Li WB,Oeh U,Roth P

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A case of plutonium deposition in man within the range of 190 Bq by inhalation from about 12 yr ago is reported. An estimate of systemic burden was made based on analyses of urine and faeces and the models of Langham, Beach/Dolphin, and Durbin while the individual was alive. This estimate was compared with autopsy fin...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ohlenschlaeger L,Schieferdecker H,Schmidt-Martin W

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work involving the decommissioning of a former ceramic manufacturing facility licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for activities involving depleted uranium oxide has uncovered the presence of unexpected high levels of natural radioactivity in non-licensed zirconium oxide powders also used in the same ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lischinsky J,Vigliani MA,Allard DJ

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The operational radiation protection issues associated with the Z-Machine accelerator located at Sandia National Laboratories are large: a variety of materials can be placed into the machine; these materials can be subjected to a variety of nuclear reactions, producing a variety of activation products. Without full un...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Culp T

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was carried out to determine the level of potentially off-damaging infrared (IR) radiation in the iron and steel industry. Determinations of IR radiation were made in different positions in many types of processes. Forging was found to give the highest radiant exposure to the eyes, while workers in electros...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lydahl E,Glansholm A,Levin M

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We are considering some aspects related to the decontamination activities of about 50 houses affected by 137Cs in Goiânia. We describe the way these contaminations occurred, the instruments used, and the procedures. We also discuss the dose limits established for decontamination and the consequences resulting from thi...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： da Silva CJ,Delgado JU,Luiz MT,Cunha PG,Barros PD

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Normalised Specific Activity (NSA), a quantity which relates the concentration of a contaminant per unit mass of vegetation to its daily rate of ground deposition, has been used as the basis for determining interception factors and retention half-lives for radioactive contaminants deposited on grain and leafy vege...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Simmonds JR,Linsley GS

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple method based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed to identify exposure to depleted uranium by measuring the isotopic composition of uranium in urine. Exposure to depleted uranium results in a decreased percentage of 235U in urine samples causing measurements to vary between n...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ejnik JW,Carmichael AJ,Hamilton MM,McDiarmid M,Squibb K,Boyd P,Tardiff W

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dose reconstruction of populations potentially affected by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 is of great importance. However, it has been difficult to assess internal thyroid doses to Fukushima residents (mainly from their intake of I) due to the lack of direct measurements. F...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kim E,Yajima K,Hashimoto S,Tani K,Igarashi Y,Iimoto T,Ishigure N,Tatsuzaki H,Akashi M,Kurihara O

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionizing radiation is a known, well-documented, and reasonably well-quantified human cancer risk factor based on a remarkably consistent body of dose-response information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations supported by experimental studies using animal and cellular models. This fact is largely ascriba...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Land CE

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the physical and chemical properties of radioactive aerosols produced in different work environments were made at Chin-Shan nuclear power plant in Taiwan. These properties, including particle mass- and activity-size distributions, elemental and radionuclide compositions, and solubility lung class, are essen...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Yu CC,Tung CJ,Hung IF,Tseng CL

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear weapons testing was conducted in the atmosphere at numerous sites worldwide between 1946 and 1980, which resulted in exposures to local populations as a consequence of fallout of radioactive debris. The nuclear tests were conducted by five nations (United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, and China...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Simon SL,Bouville A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of the ingestion dose pathways in collective effective dose due to severe reactor accidents is evaluated by studying two different radioactive accidental releases. A short description of the ingestion dose pathway model is also given. Typically, exposure via contaminated food without countermeasures cau...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Partanen JP,Savolainen I

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The photon interaction parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Z eff) and effective electron density (N el) must be identical for the phantom material and their tissue. In the present study, the μ/ρ, Z eff, and N el for muscle, breast, lung tissue have been computed, and their s...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Manjunatha HC

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This work describes the design, development, and characterization of an ionization chamber to detect and locate gamma ray sources with intensities down to 100 mu Gy h(-1). The results show that sources of x ray and gamma radiation in the energy range of 14 to 1,250 keV can be located. The directional sensitivity of th...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kronenberg S,Bruckner GJ,Bechtel E,Gentner F

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two motivations for studying radiation risk are (1) to quantify the magnitude of risk as an aid to setting radiation protection standards and (2) to understand causality as an aid to assigning compensation for radiation exposed individuals whose disease or death may have been related to radiation exposure. Although it...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cologne J,Cullings H,Furukawa K,Ross P

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fusion research conducted at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics requires large amounts of tritium and generates brief but very high, neutron fluxes. This raises a number of radiological concerns that have been satisfactorily addressed via a combination of engineering controls, training, and administrative control...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Karam PA,Pien G

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A critical review of the literature on the biokinetics of inhaled mercury vapor was performed as part of an accident analysis for the Spallation Neutron Source to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was concluded that current models for inhaled mercury vapor do not accurately describe the distribution or res...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Leggett RW,Munro NB,Eckerman KF

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radionuclide vector in the release plume from the destroyed unit 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was assessed. Emphasis was laid on radionuclides relevant for the internal dose, including those with short half-lives, and on the radionuclide vector in the 30-km zone where practically no data in air or foodst...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Mück K,Pröhl G,Likhtarev I,Kovgan L,Meckbach R,Golikov V

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the Full-Scale Radiological Dispersal Device Field Trials carried out in Suffield in 2012, several suites of detection and sampling equipment were used to measure and characterize the explosive dispersal of the short half-life radioactive tracer Lanthanum-140 ((140)La). The equipment deployed included networks ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Korpach E,Berg R,Erhardt L,Lebel L,Liu C

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radioactive gas 41Ar has been produced at high concentration by neutron activation near the reactor core in the Kyoto University Research Reactor. A pipe line for an exhaust stream, so-called sweep gas, was fabricated at the construction of the reactor in 1964 in order to exhale 41Ar from the facilities above to t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Fukui M

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As in the past, the principle role of the scientist in the courtroom is to assist attorneys, judges, and jurors in understanding the complex scientific and technical issues before them. In the last decade, however, changes in the law and the increasing technical complexity of many disputes have introduced new factors ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Auxier JA,Prichard HM

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of fast growing medical radiation use, estimating possible late health effects of radiation, including potential cancer risk, is an issue of substantial interest. Since physicians make the decision to order or perform a radiological procedure, it is very important to provide them with objective information abo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ivanov VK,Tsyb AF,Mettler FA,Menyaylo AN,Kashcheev VV

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A rugged resin concentration method followed by gamma counting was developed for measuring 226Ra and 228Ra in drinking water. Using typical distribution system pressure, 310 kPa (45 psig), radium in a 20-L sample was concentrated 100-fold onto 200 mL of ion-exchange resin beads that were then sealed in a glass jar for...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Clifford DA,Higgins EA

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An evaluation of available personnel monitoring data and radium body burden records of dial painters handling an annual average of 1.5 Ci of radium indicates that they received an average of about 2 rem/person whole body exposure, 3 rem to the lungs from radon inhalation and 0.2 rad to the bone from radium body burden...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Simpson RE,Shuman FG,Moghissi AA,Blackburn JA,Bailey ED

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An empirical expression of cavity theory for electron fields is developed in a fashion similar to Burlin's general theory of cavity ionization for photons. It incorporates a term that relates the absorbed dose ratio in the cavity and material medium to the differences in electron scattering. This new expression correl...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ogunleye OT,Paliwal BR

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A low-background phoswich detector is used to detect small amounts of 147Pm--a pure beta-emitting nuclide--present in the liver of an occupational worker. The assessment was based on the measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by the beta particles in the tissue. Computer programs based on Monte Carlo techniq...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bhati S

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00