Abstract:
:In the past, a vast majority of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) patients were elderly patients with cancer who are not suitable for organ donation, making organ donation from such patients a rare event. However, more expansive criteria for MAiD combined with an increased participation of MAiD patients in organ donation is likely to drastically increase the pool of MAiD patients who can serve as organ donors. Previous discussions of ethical issues arising from these trends have not fully addressed difficulties involved in separating decision to end one's life from the one to donate one's organs. However, realities of organ donation logistics and human decision making suggest that this separation can be extraordinary difficult. The need to maximise quality of donated organs complicates dying experience of the donor and is likely in tension with the dying experience the patient envisioned when first considering MAiD. Furthermore, the idea that patients will think about MAiD first, and only when firmly decided to end their life, consider organ donation, runs contrary to organ donation policies in some countries as well as end of life and everyday decision making. This opens the door for organ donation to serve as an incentive in MAiD decisions. Dispensing with the simplistic assumption that organ donation can never be a factor in MAiD decisions is, therefore, essential first step to properly addressing ethical issues at hand.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Buturovic Zdoi
10.1136/medethics-2020-106456subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-10 00:00:00eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
medethics-2020-106456pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Brisbane Supreme Court has denied an Australian woman's request to harvest and freeze her dead fiancé's sperm for future impregnation. After she was denied access to the sperm, the woman learnt that her fiancé may have been a sperm donor and she began checking to find out if his sperm was still available. Given wh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.004432
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The need to reinvigorate medical confidentiality protections is recognised as an important objective in building patient trust necessary for successful health outcomes. Little is known about patient understanding and expectations from medical confidentiality. OBJECTIVE:To identify and describe patient views of...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.010280
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Policy instruments based on the working of markets have been introduced to empower consumers of healthcare. However, it is still not easy to become a critical consumer of healthcare. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to analyse the possibilities of the state to strengthen the position of patients with the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.030536
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this response article, we challenge a core assumption that lies at the centre of a round table discussion regarding the Pharmacogenetics to Avoid Loss of Hearing trial. The round table regards a genetic test for a variant (mt.1555A>G) that increases the risk of deafness if a carrier is given the antibiotic gentamic...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106807
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, I provide a brief sketch of the purposes that medical ethics serves and what makes for good medical ethics. Medical ethics can guide clinical practice and biomedical research, contribute to the education of clinicians, advance thinking in the field, and direct healthcare policy. Although these are disti...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2014-102312
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Disclosures of funding sources and conflicts of interests (COI) in published peer-reviewed journal articles have recently begun to receive some attention, but many critical questions remain, for example, how often such reporting occurs concerning research conducted in the developing world and what factors ma...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.035394
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The realm of non-rational influence, which includes nudging, is home to many other morally interesting phenomena. In this paper, I introduce the term bumping, to discuss the category of unintentional non-rational influence. Bumping happens constantly, wherever people make choices in environments where they are affecte...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105179
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The law ordinarily recognises the woman who gives birth as the mother of a child, but in certain jurisdictions, it will recognise the commissioning couple as the legal parents of a child born to a commercial surrogate. Some commissioning parents have, however, effectively abandoned the children they commission, and in...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104331
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children participating in clinical research may show signs of discomfort, discontent, dissent and so on, that cannot be solved by comforting the child. When, and on what ground, should such signs lead to the decision to withdraw the child from the trial? In order to adequately protect children participating in clinica...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103788
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two principles form the basis for much priority setting in health. According to the greater benefit principle, resources should be directed toward the intervention with the greater health benefit. According to the worse off principle, resources should be directed toward the intervention benefiting those initially wors...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100740
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dr Wells, a general practitioner, looks at the problem of barbiturate dependence from the point of view of the prescribing doctor who has to choose for his patients - of all ages - the drug, usually a hypnotic, which is sought for insomnia or states of anxiety and stress. He argues that it is wise to prescribe non-bar...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the 5th International Conference on Priorities in Health Care in Wellington, New Zealand, 2004, one resonating theme was that for priority setting to be effective, it has to include clinicians in both decision making and the enforcement of those decisions. There was, however, a disturbing undertone to this theme, n...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.017871
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two tragedies argument (2TA) has been raised as a response to the argument against abortion from spontaneous abortion (or miscarriages). According to this argument against the antiabortion position (AAP), miscarriages should be of great concern for proponents of this position since they result in a greater amount ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105770
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discussions on the ethics and regulation of clinical research have a great deal to say about the responsibilities of investigators, sponsors, research institutions and institutional review boards, but very little about the responsibilities of research participants. In this article, we discuss the responsibilities of p...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100319
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper makes two main claims: first, that the need to protect health professionals' moral integrity is what grounds the right to conscientious objection in health care; and second, that for a given claim of conscientious objection to be acceptable to society, a certain set of criteria should be fulfilled. The impo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2011.043646
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we identify and evaluate arguments for and against offering assisted reproductive technologies (ART), specifically IVF, to HIV discordant couples (male partner HIV positive, female partner HIV negative). The idea of offering ART to HIV discordant couples generates concerns about safety and public health ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.29.6.325
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Humanitarian crises and emergencies, events often marked by high mortality, have until recently excluded palliative care-a specialty focusing on supporting people with serious or terminal illness or those nearing death. In the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care has received unprecedented levels of societal a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105943
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we discuss the ethical dimensions for the prescribing behaviours of opioids for a chronic pain patient, a scenario commonly witnessed by many physicians. The opioid epidemic in the USA and Canada is well known, existing since the late 1990s, and individuals are suffering and dying as a result of the e...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105099
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two general ethical problems in psychiatry are thrown into sharp relief by long term care. This article discusses each in turn, in the context of two anonymised case studies from actual clinical practice. First, previous mental health legislation soothed doubts about patients' refusal of consent by incorporating time ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.5.300
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This essay argues that the field of bioethics should concern itself especially with the process of making moral sense that unfolds among clinicians, patients and family members during common but high-stakes conversations occurring on the front lines of practice. The essay outlines the parameters of a bioethics grounde...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100084
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::David Shaw's response to Hugh McLachlan's criticism of his proposed new perspective on euthanasia is ineffectual, mistaken and unfair. It is false to say that the latter does not present an argument to support his claim that there is a moral difference between killing and letting die. It is not the consequences alone ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2011.044966
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the views of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and professionals in relation to confidentiality, consent and access to data within a proposed MS register in the UK. DESIGN:Qualitative study using focus groups (10) and interviews (13). SETTING:England and Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS:68 peo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025304
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to a recent convention on human rights and biomedicine, coercive treatment of psychiatric patients may only be given if, without such treatment, serious harm is likely to result to the health of the patient; it must not be given in the interest of other people. In the present article a discussion is undertak...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.000703
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To allow patients to reflect about a decision to participate in a clinical trial, guidelines suggest a 24-h delay from when they are informed about the trial to when they give consent. In certain clinical settings, this is likely to hamper recruitment. METHOD:After oral and written information about the tri...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.033456
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this article is to investigate the need for ethics support in Dutch healthcare institutions in order to understand why ethics support is often not used in practice and which factors are relevant in this context. METHODS:This study had a mixed methods design integrating quantitative and qualita...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.040626
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this paper is to stimulate academic debate on embryo and fetal research from the perspective of the drafting of a protocol to the European Convention on Biomedicine. The Steering Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe was mandated to draw up such a protocol and for this purpose organised an i...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.1.32
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patient autonomy has gradually replaced physician paternalism as an ethical ideal. However, in a medical context, the principle of individual autonomy has different meanings. More knowledge is needed about what is and should be an appropriate understanding of the concept of patient autonomy in clinical pract...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.6.394
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2006, a paper in the journal Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine described a novel case of growth attenuation therapy and other treatments carried out on Ashley, a severely cognitively, neurologically and physically disabled 6-year-old girl. Some of the moral arguments that have sprung up in respect of th...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.029934
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To analyse the decision making for end of life care for patients with cancer at a teaching hospital in Japan at two periods 10 years apart. DESIGN AND SETTING:Retrospective study conducted in a 550 bed community teaching hospital in Okinawa, Japan. PATIENTS:There were 124 terminally ill cancer patients (45...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.000125
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We are printing in its entirety the discussion document which sets out a code of professional conduct for nurses published by the Royal College of Nursing in November 1976 together with commentaries by the Assistant Secretary of the British Medical Association, a professor of nursing studies, student nurses and a lawy...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.3.3.115
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00