Abstract:
:The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) was validated for the Brazilian context in 2004. Since then, the scale has evaluated and measured the experience of food insecurity in rural and urban households, initially in the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey and later in the Brazilian National Survey of Demographic and Health. However, indigenous peoples have not been examined specifically in these surveys, despite recognition of their food and nutritional vulnerability. In this scenario, we analyze and discuss the application of the EBIA among indigenous peoples in Brazil, based on a set of fundamental questions for understanding and measuring their experience with food insecurity and "hunger". We conduct a sociopolitical and ethnographic analysis of a set of official documents and significant articles on the use of psychometric scales of food insecurity among Brazilian indigenous peoples, compared to international studies on the validation and application of scales in other sociocultural contexts. The initiatives with adaptation and application of the EBIA to indigenous peoples in Brazil indicate that understanding and measuring food insecurity in these peoples poses a major challenge. Particularly complex is the proposal to guarantee comparability of different contexts while taking into account the multiple local singularities. We propose that ethnographic studies should serve as specific components of future initiatives on this topic and that they should cover aspects such as the seasonality of indigenous peoples' food production, different processes of food monetization, and the dynamics of their food systems. :Validada para o contexto nacional brasileiro em 2004, a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) tem desde então avaliado e mensurado a experiência de insegurança alimentar de domicílios rurais e urbanos, inicialmente na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios e posteriormente na Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde. No entanto, os povos indígenas não foram especificamente examinados nesses levantamentos, a despeito do reconhecimento das suas vulnerabilidades alimentar e nutricional. Nesse cenário, analisamos e discutimos a aplicação da EBIA entre povos indígenas do país, com base em um conjunto de questões aqui consideradas fundamentais para a compreensão e a mensuração de sua experiência de insegurança alimentar e “fome”. É realizada uma análise sociopolítica e etnográfica de um conjunto de documentos oficiais e artigos significativos sobre o uso de escalas psicométricas de insegurança alimentar entre povos indígenas brasileiros, em contraste com artigos internacionais sobre a validação e aplicação das escalas em outros contextos socioculturais. As iniciativas de adaptação e aplicação da EBIA aos contextos indígenas brasileiros indicam que compreender e mensurar a insegurança alimentar entre esses povos é um desafio de magnitude considerável. Particularmente complexa é a proposta de garantir a comparabilidade entre contextos distintos sem deixar de contemplar as plurais singularidades locais. Propomos que estudos etnográficos constituam componentes específicos de futuras iniciativas dedicadas ao tema, e que contemplem aspectos como a sazonalidade da produção de alimentos, seus processos diferenciais de monetarização e o dinamismo de seus sistemas alimentares. :Validada para el contexto nacional brasileño en 2004, la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria (EBIA) ha evaluado y calculado desde entonces la existencia de inseguridad alimentaria en domicilios rurales y urbanos, inicialmente mediante la Encuesta Nacional por Muestra Domiciliaria y, posteriormente, a través de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud. No obstante, los pueblos indígenas no fueron específicamente examinados en estas encuestas, a pesar del reconocimiento de su vulnerabilidad alimentaria y nutricional. En este escenario, analizamos y discutimos la aplicación de la EBIA entre pueblos indígenas del país, a partir de un conjunto de cuestiones consideradas aquí fundamentales para la comprensión y medición de su experiencia de inseguridad alimentaria y “hambre”. Se realiza un análisis sociopolítico y etnográfico de un conjunto de documentos oficiales, así como de artículos significativos sobre el uso de escalas psicométricas de inseguridad alimentaria entre pueblos indígenas brasileños, en contraste con artículos internacionales sobre la validación y aplicación de las escalas en otros contextos socioculturales. Las iniciativas de adaptación y aplicación de la EBIA en contextos indígenas brasileños indican que comprender y medir la inseguridad alimentaria entre estos pueblos es un desafío de magnitud considerable. Particularmente compleja es la propuesta de garantizar la comparabilidad entre contextos distintos, sin dejar de considerar las plurales singularidades locales. Proponemos que los estudios etnográficos establezcan componentes específicos para las futuras iniciativas dedicadas a este tema, así como que contemplen aspectos como: estacionalidad de la producción de alimentos, sus procesos diferenciales de monetarización, y dinamismo de sus sistemas alimentarios.
journal_name
Cad Saude Publicajournal_title
Cadernos de saude publicaauthors
Athila AR,Leite MSdoi
10.1590/0102-311X00208019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-02 00:00:00pages
e00208019issue
10eissn
0102-311Xissn
1678-4464pii
S0102-311X2020001005001journal_volume
36pub_type
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