Abstract：
:A key challenge for cognitive neuroscience is deciphering the representational schemes of the brain. Stimulus-feature-based encoding models are becoming increasingly popular for inferring the dimensions of neural representational spaces from stimulus-feature spaces. We argue that such inferences are not always valid because successful prediction can occur even if the two representational spaces use different, but correlated, representational schemes. We support this claim with three simulations in which we achieved high prediction accuracy despite systematic differences in the geometries and dimensions of the underlying representations. Detailed analysis of the encoding models' predictions showed systematic deviations from ground-truth, indicating that high prediction accuracy is insufficient for making representational inferences. This fallacy applies to the prediction of actual neural patterns from stimulus-feature spaces and we urge caution in inferring the nature of the neural code from such methods. We discuss ways to overcome these inferential limitations, including model comparison, absolute model performance, visualization techniques and attentional modulation.
journal_name
Neuroimagejournal_title
NeuroImageauthors
Popov V,Ostarek M,Tenison Cdoi
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.041subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
340-351eissn
1053-8119issn
1095-9572pii
S1053-8119(18)30252-0journal_volume
174pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
NEUROIMAGE文献大全abstract：:Neural oscillations can synchronize to external rhythmic stimuli, as for example in speech and music. While previous studies have mainly focused on elucidating the fundamental concept of neural entrainment, less is known about the time course of entrainment. In this human electroencephalography (EEG) study, we unravel...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.037
更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies suggest that spontaneous fluctuations in the resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) signal may reflect fluctuations in transverse relaxation time (T(2)(*)) rather than spin density (S(0)). However, such S(0) and T(2)(*) features have not been well characterized. In this study, spatial and spectral characteristi...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.030
更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Heightened perception of facial cues is at the core of many theories of social behavior and its disorders. In the present study, we continuously measured electrocortical dynamics in human visual cortex, as evoked by happy, neutral, fearful, and angry faces. Thirty-seven participants endorsing high versus low generaliz...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.080
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In-vivo volumetric measurements of hippocampus have proven to be highly informative for studying various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The usefulness of volumetric imaging, however, has been limited due to the poor image resolutions obtained by currently available MRI images. In this study, a new ...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.002
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In positron emission tomography (PET) studies, the detailed mapping of neuroreceptor binding is a trade-off between parametric accuracy and spatial precision. Logan's graphical approach is a straightforward way to quickly obtain binding potential values at the voxel level but it has been shown to have a noise-dependen...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.053
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prefrontal and temporal networks subserving object working memory tasks in adults have been reported as immature in young children; yet children are adequately capable of performing such tasks. We investigated the basis of this apparent contradiction using a complex object working memory task, a Categorical n-back...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.028
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has shown evidence for sex differences in the neuroanatomical bases for intelligence in adults. Possible differences in the neuroanatomical correlates of intelligence and their developmental trajectories between boys and girls were investigated using functional MRI (fMRI). A large cohort of over 300 ...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.010
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The automation of segmentation of subcortical structures in the brain is an active research area. We have comprehensively evaluated four novel methods of fully automated segmentation of subcortical structures using volumetric, spatial overlap and distance-based measures. Two methods are atlas-based - classifier fusion...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.029
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of flow-metabolism coupling often presume that microvessel architecture is a surrogate for blood flow. To test this assumption, we introduce an in vivo Dynamic Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography (DyC-OCT) method to quantify layer-resolved microvascular blood flow and volume across the full depth of the mous...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116067
更新日期：2019-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis is a novel entropy-based approach for measuring dynamical complexity in physiological systems over a range of temporal scales. To evaluate this analytic approach as an aid to elucidating the pathophysiologic mechanisms in schizophrenia, we examined MSE in EEG activity in drug-naive sc...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.009
更新日期：2010-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study we applied online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) bursts at 10Hz to the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex to test whether these regions are causally involved in mental rotation. Furthermore, in order to investigate what is the specific role played by SMA and primary m...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.032
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional ultrasound imaging is a method recently developed to assess brain activity via hemodynamics in rodents. Doppler ultrasound signals allow the measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and red blood cells' (RBCs') velocity in small vessels. However, this technique originally requires performing a large crani...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.063
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies confirmed the vulnerability of corpus callosum (CC) fibers to aging. However, most studies employed lower order regressions to study the relationship between age and white matter microstructure. The present study investigated whether higher order polynomial regression mo...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116675
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual and somatosensory spatial attention both induce parietal alpha (8-14 Hz) oscillations whose topographical distribution depends on the direction of spatial attentional focus. In the auditory domain, contrasts of parietal alpha power for leftward and rightward attention reveal qualitatively similar lateralizatio...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116360
更新日期：2020-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a novel model-free univariate strategy for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies based upon recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). RQA is an auto-regressive method, which identifies recurrences in signals without any a priori assumptions. The performance of RQA is compared to that of univa...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.025
更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Transient intrinsic optical responses associated with neural activation offer an attractive strategy for dynamic imaging of neural activity, and may provide a noninvasive methodology for imaging of retinal function. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of near infrared imaging of fast intrinsic optical changes in isola...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.060
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The stop-signal task is a prototypical experiment to study cognitive processes that mediate successful performance in a rapidly changing environment. By means of simultaneous recording and combined analysis of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging on single trial level, we provide a comprehe...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.039
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Personality is a central high-level psychological concept that defines individual human beings and has been associated with a variety of real-world outcomes (e.g., mental health and academic performance). Using 2 h, high resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state data of 984 (primary datase...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.062
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perception, motion, and cognition involve the formation of cooperative neuronal assemblies distributed over the cerebral cortex. It remains to explore what characterizes the assemblies, their location, and the structural substrate of assembly formation. In this EEG/fMRI study, we describe the response of the visual ar...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.045
更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain requires the integration of sensory, cognitive, and affective information. The use of placebo is a common methodological ploy in many fields, including pain. Neuroimaging studies of pain and placebo analgesia (PA) have yet to identify a mechanism of action. Because PA must result from higher order processes, it i...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.057
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used fMRI to investigate neural activation in reading aloud in bilinguals differing in age of acquisition. Three groups were compared: French-English bilinguals who acquired two languages from birth (simultaneous), French-English bilinguals who learned their L2 after the age of 5 years (sequential), and English-spe...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.016
更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Surface EMG responses (MEPs) were recorded from the relaxed first dorsal interosseous (FDI) of 16 normal subjects following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the hand area of the primary motor cortex. These test responses were conditioned by a subthreshold stimulus applied 2-15 ms beforehand over a range of...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nimg.2001.0918
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synchronization plays a fundamental role in healthy cognitive and motor function. However, how synchronization depends on the interplay between local dynamics, coupling and topology and how prone to synchronization a network is, given its topological organization, are still poorly understood issues. To investigate the...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.029
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The impact of MR-based attenuation correction on PET quantitation accuracy is an ongoing cause of concern for advanced brain research with PET/MR. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new, template-enhanced zero-echo-time attenuation correction method for PET/MR scanners. METHODS:30 subjects underwent a...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.029
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One goal of in vivo neuroimaging is the detection of neurodegenerative processes and anatomical reorganizations after spinal cord (SC) injury. Non-invasive examination of white matter fibers in the living SC can be conducted using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. However, this technique is challenging at...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.068
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The outcome of Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analyses of PET activation studies depends among others, on the quality of reconstructed data. In general, filtered back-projection (FBP) is used for reconstruction in PET activation studies. There is, however, increasing interest in iterative reconstruction algorith...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00379-3
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This work addresses the choice of the imaging voxel volume in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Noise of physiological origin that is present in the voxel time course is a prohibitive factor in the detection of small activation-induced BOLD signal changes. If the physiol...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.039
更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:SPECT imaging with two radiotracers at the same time is feasible if two different radioisotopes are employed, given their distinct energy emission spectra. In the case of 123I and 125I, dual SPECT imaging is not straightforward: 123I emits photons at a principal energy emission spectrum of 143.1-179.9 keV. Howe...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.063
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to rapidly learn from others by instruction is an important characteristic of human cognition. A recent study found that the rapid transfer from initial instructions to fluid behavior is supported by changes of functional connectivity between and within several large-scale brain networks, and particularly ...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.049
更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Decision-making is a complex process that comprises the assessment of a situation, the selection of an action, and the evaluation of an outcome. Distinct neural systems may contribute differentially during various stages within a decision-making situation. This study investigated whether neural activation during asses...
journal_title：NeuroImage
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.055
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
