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Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and depression: a twin study.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Depression is an important contributor to the global burden of disease. Besides several known individual-level factors that contribute to depression, there is a growing recognition that neighbourhood environment can also profoundly affect mental health. This study assessed associations between three neighbourhood constructs-socioeconomic deprivation, residential instability and income inequality-and depression among adult twin pairs. The twin design is used to examine the association between neighbourhood constructs and depression, controlling for selection factors (ie, genetic and shared environmental factors) that have confounded purported associations. METHODS:We used multilevel random-intercept Poisson regression among 3738 same-sex twin pairs from a community-based twin registry to examine the association between neighbourhood constructs and depression. The within-pair association controls for confounding by genetic and environmental factors shared between twins within a pair, and is the main parameter of interest. Models were adjusted for individual-level income, education and marital status, and further by neighbourhood-level population density. RESULTS:When twins were analysed as individuals (phenotypic model), all neighbourhood constructs were significantly associated with depression. However, only neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation showed a significant within-pair association with depression. A 10-unit within-pair difference in neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with 6% greater depressive symptoms (1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11); the association did not substantially change in adjusted models. CONCLUSION:This study provides new evidence linking neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation with greater depression. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs to better test social causation versus social selection.

journal_name

J Epidemiol Community Health

journal_title

Journal of epidemiology and community health

authors

Cohen-Cline H,Beresford SAA,Barrington WE,Matsueda RL,Wakefield J,Duncan GE

doi

10.1136/jech-2017-209453

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-03-01 00:00:00

pages

202-207

issue

eissn

0143-005X

issn

1470-2738

pii

jech-2017-209453

journal_volume

pub_type

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Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and depression: a twin study.