Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:As covariates are not always adequately balanced after propensity score matching and double- adjustment can be used to remove residual confounding, we compared the performance of several double-robust estimators in different scenarios. METHODS:We conducted a series of Monte Carlo simulations on virtual observational studies. After estimating the propensity scores by logistic regression, we performed 1:1 optimal, nearest-neighbor, and caliper matching. We used 4 estimators on each matched sample: (1) a crude estimator without double-adjustment, (2) double-adjustment for the propensity scores, (3) double-adjustment for the unweighted unbalanced covariates, and (4) double-adjustment for the unbalanced covariates, weighted by their strength of association with the outcome. RESULTS:The crude estimator led to highest bias in all tested scenarios. Double-adjustment for the propensity scores effectively removed confounding only when the propensity score models were correctly specified. Double-adjustment for the unbalanced covariates was more robust to misspecification. Double-adjustment for the weighted unbalanced covariates outperformed the other approaches in every scenario and using any matching algorithm, as measured by the mean squared error. CONCLUSION:Double-adjustment can be used to remove residual confounding after propensity score matching. The unbalanced covariates with the strongest confounding effects should be adjusted.
journal_name
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safjournal_title
Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safetyauthors
Nguyen TL,Collins GS,Spence J,Devereaux PJ,Daurès JP,Landais P,Le Manach Ydoi
10.1002/pds.4325subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-01 00:00:00pages
1513-1519issue
12eissn
1053-8569issn
1099-1557journal_volume
26pub_type
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