Abstract:
:Naturally occurring N(ω)-hydroxy-l-arginine (NOHA, 1) is the best substrate of NO synthases (NOS). The development of stable and bioavailable prodrugs would provide a pharmacologically valuable strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that are associated with endothelial dysfunction. To improve NOHAs druglike properties, we demonstrate that O-substitution by (glycosylic) acetal formation greatly increased the chemical stability of the hydroxyguanidine moiety and provided a nontoxic group that could be easily bioactivated by glycosidases. A straightforward synthetic concept was devised and afforded a series of diversely substituted prodrugs by O-conjugation of the hydroxyguanidine moiety with different monosaccharides. Systematic exploration of their bioactivation profile revealed that glucose-based prodrugs were more efficiently bioactivated than their galactose counterparts. NOS-dependent cytosolic NO release was quantified by automated fluorescence microscopy in a cell-based assay with murine macrophages. Glucose-based prodrugs performed particularly well and delivered cellular NO levels comparable to 1, demonstrating proof-of-concept.
journal_name
J Med Chemjournal_title
Journal of medicinal chemistryauthors
Litty FA,Gudd J,Girreser U,Clement B,Schade Ddoi
10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00810subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-08 00:00:00pages
8030-41issue
17eissn
0022-2623issn
1520-4804journal_volume
59pub_type
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