Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG), once used as an injection for breast augmentation, has been banned in the medical field for cosmetic purposes for more than 10 years in China. But a large number of breasts have characteristic deformities due to the gel's feature of erosion. Our aim is to explore a retrospective study on PAAG's long-term effects on women, ensuing breast deformity and the strategy for breast plasticity after removing the gel in our center from 2007 to 2014. METHODS:From 2007 to 2014, 200 patients, whose breasts were injected with PAAG, underwent the operation to remove the injectable material. Complications were summarized. Ultrasound or MRI was performed before the operation to disclose the general distribution of the gel and the muscle and gland infiltration. According to the gel distribution, muscle and gland infiltration, infection, gel residue, and other factors, the patients were treated, respectively, with or without prosthesis implantation surgery after the removal of the gel. According to the decision about whether or when to undergo prosthesis implantation, the patients were classified into three types: group I-prosthesis implantation at the first stage, group II-prosthesis implantation at the second stage, and group III-only removing the material without prosthesis implantation. The scores of the BREAST-Q program were used to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative differences. RESULTS:Seventy-seven patients underwent prosthesis implantation at the first stage and 61 patients were operated on by placing the prosthesis at the second stage. A total of 62 patients only underwent the PAAG removal operation. By BREAST-Q evaluation, changes are summarized in Tables 1, 2, and 3 between mean preoperative scores and mean postoperative scores through categories of satisfaction with appearance of breasts, psychosocial wellbeing, sexual wellbeing, and physical wellbeing, in which all categories were presented with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Table 1 Patient demographics General patient data Number Number of patients 200 Age range 25-48 Follow-up period 6-12 months Injection material Domestic material 84 (42 %) Imported material 93 (46.5 %) Domestic + imported 23 (11.5 %) Injection site Regular hospital 47 (23.5 %) Clinics 153 (76.5 %) Complication Inflammation 10 (2 %) Pain 75 (37.5 %) Induration 155 (77.5 %) Shift 50 (25 %) Deformation 17 (8.5 %) Bilateral asymmetry 48 (24 %) Deposition milk 2 (1 %) Psychological fear 150 (75 %) Systemic symptoms 34 (17 %) Single complication 25 (16.97 %) Two or more complications 160 (80 %) Preoperative aspiration 48 (24 %) Table 2 Group I-changes in mean preoperative scores and mean postoperative scores Category Preoperatively (n = 77) Postoperatively (n = 77) p Satisfaction with appearance of breasts 18.8 ± 16.2 81.6 ± 13.1 <0.001 Psychosocial wellbeing 39.5 ± 20.2 84.5 ± 19.3 <0.001 Sexual wellbeing 38.7 ± 23.1 77.2 ± 20.5 <0.001 Physical wellbeing 42.4 ± 16.3 81.7 ± 10.5 <0.001 Table 3 Group II-changes in mean preoperative scores and mean postoperative scores Category Preoperatively (n = 61) Postoperatively (n = 61) p Satisfaction with appearance of breasts 19.6 ± 15.3 82.5 ± 11.1 <0.001 Psychosocial wellbeing 38.9 ± 19.3 83.6 ± 20.1 <0.001 Sexual wellbeing 37.6 ± 22.4 79.3 ± 20.4 <0.001 Physical wellbeing 41.3 ± 15.1 82.2 ± 9.9 <0.001 CONCLUSIONS: Timely removal is critical for women who have received the PAAG removal operation. However, the surgery may destroy the shape of the breast. It is recommended that preoperative communication and local tissue condition are guidelines for surgeons to choose conservative or aggressive surgery. A balance must be maintained between removing the gel as much as possible and retaining soft tissue to reshape breasts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV:This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
journal_name
Aesthetic Plast Surgjournal_title
Aesthetic plastic surgeryauthors
Chen B,Song Hdoi
10.1007/s00266-016-0646-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
482-91issue
4eissn
0364-216Xissn
1432-5241pii
10.1007/s00266-016-0646-5journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The treatment of a tuberous breast deformity has changed over the years, with a large variety of procedures described. However, maintaining a long-lasting breast contour is an ongoing challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of tuberous breast corrections, focusing on the incide...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-017-0902-3
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Web contractures are fairly commonly encountered in those who have suffered from burn injury or other trauma. Numerous local flaps have been adopted previously. The five-flap Z-plasty is one that has been used frequently. To release the scar as much as possible, based on the traditional design, we developed ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-015-0548-y
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abdominoplasties carried out in patients previously underwent gastroplasty present high rates of complications, including increased bleeding in the intra- and postoperative periods. METHODS:This study evaluated bleeding, coagulation parameters (coagulogram, dosage of fibrinogen, FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, F...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-012-9976-0
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report summarizes the opinions advanced by an international panel of acknowledged expert plastic surgeons convened to discuss women's attitudes about aesthetic breast surgery. To inform the discussions, a survey was undertaken to explore women's attitudes and opinions. The survey showed that significant numbers o...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-009-9329-9
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Medpor is a biocompatible, porous, high-density polyethylene implant material used as a skeleton substitute. During the last two decades, it has been successfully applied for aesthetic contour enhancement and at reconstruction of the facial skeleton. Reports on the long-term host tissue tolerance of Medpor a...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-012-9911-4
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gold standard treatment for the many aesthetic aspects of aging has for many years been surgery in its many forms. However, with increasing patient demand for cosmetic rejuvenation and with the strong desire and drive by patients to attain aesthetic enhancement with minimal risk and rapid recovery, there has been ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00266-009-9361-9
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The removal of certain facial-bone defects is a prerequisite to restoration of function, stability, and appearance. Synthetic bone substitutes are beneficial in cases where other operative techniques would be an unacceptable burden for a patient. Satisfactory results can be achieved in one surgical intervention with l...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-002-1032-z
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fat-preserving lower blepharoplasty techniques and filling techniques using autologous or non-autologous materials are increasingly used to treat tear trough deformity. However, there has been no definitive comparison of the results of fat repositioning versus autologous fat grafting for this condition. The ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-016-0692-z
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pseudoptosis (bottoming out) is a well-observed phenomenon occurring after all types of breast reduction surgery. The authors' team previously reported the use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging to demonstrate that significant morphologic changes occur in the breast during the first year after short-scar medi...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-010-9615-6
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study evaluates the impact of different hump takedown techniques, namely the conventional hump resection with midvault reconstruction, the push-down (PD) and the let-down (LD) procedures, on the INV dimensions. METHODS:In this cadaveric study, six heads were divided randomly into either the conventiona...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01627-z
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clinical study on the surgical anatomy of the upper-eyelid fat pads was performed on 55 consecutive patients who underwent a blepharoplasty. It was confirmed that the periorbital fat is encapsulated in compartments and that the number of fat pads varies. In 56% of the cases there were two fat pads and in the 44% thr...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02273862
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plastic breast surgery, the interlocking areolar suture has gained wide popularity since its introduction in 2007 by Hammond and colleagues. The interlocking circumareolar suture plays its role in the setting of circumareolar excisions to achieve a durable areola shaping and to prevent scar widening/hypertrophy and...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0186-1
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes procedures for correcting some of the most common deformities after rhinoplasty. Double or triple osteotomies, partial removal of the nasal bones, autogenous cartilage transplantations, and the value of the transplantation of auricular composite grafts are discussed. ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01577966
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Adipose patients, especially after massive weight loss, pose a challenge to the breast surgeon due to the major loss of volume and the inelasticity of the skin. Rubin described a suitable mammaplasty technique for these patients involving dermal suspension sutures and total parenchymal reshaping. With this t...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0223-0
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although abdominoplasty has always been a routine operation, demands for it are constantly increasing for diverse reasons. For one, stomach reduction practiced by digestive surgeons is becoming a regular procedure. Massive weight loss induced by this surgery leads to a demand for abdominoplasty with increased risks of...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002660010061
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Western countries, dorsal hump reduction surgery is prevalent due to the nasal profiles of the patients admitted for esthetic rhinoplasty operations. There are numerous techniques for hump reduction. Currently, dorsal hump reduction techniques that allow the dorsum to be preserved are highly popular. OBJ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01801-3
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A one-stage surgical correction of tuberous and tubular breast deformities is described. An intraareolar donut of pigmented skin is deepithelialized to correct the associated mega areola, allowing, at the same time, a port of entry for insertion of a retroglandular breast implant. The exposed areolar dermis is then te...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002669900204
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In patients with a thin soft tissue breast envelope, lower pole implant palpability is a postoperative sequela that concerns patients. Anatomically, the lower aspect of the breast near the inframammary fold lacks sufficient soft tissue to cover the breast implant after augmentation. METHODS:A transareolar i...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-018-1215-x
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty (UAL) was developed in Europe and South America. Its introduction into the mainstream of United States surgery in 1997 was initially received with great enthusiasm. Soon, however, anecdotal reports surfaced describing limitations and complications related to the emerging technology. Amon...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-002-0093-3
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simplified technique for surgical correction of prognathism, consisting of an angled or L-shaped osteotomy in the mandibular ramus starting from the sigmoid notch and ending on the posterior border of the ascending ramus, has been performed on 365 patients. Modifications of the procedure allow for concomitant correc...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01575238
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinoplasty is performed to improve the appearance of the nose. However, conventional procedures may result in impairment of nasal breathing. The purpose of this article is to describe a "functional and esthetic" rhinoplasty technique designed to avoid adverse effects on ventilation by preserving the structure of the ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00266-003-2136-9
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various techniques are used to repair circular defects in special positions on the face. Simple closure will yield unsatisfactory results because of skin tension. As an ideal method of reconstruction, various flaps are used to provide a versatile and safe alternative. The authors applied double opposing-rhomboid flaps...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-008-9237-4
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nowadays, oncological breast surgery has to be performed to maximize cosmetic results, and even mastectomies, when unavoidable, should conform to acceptable aesthetics. We investigated surgical approaches to skin-sparing mastectomies. Scar positioning and volume replacement were evaluated. We also discuss nipple-spari...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00266-009-9382-4
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The liposuction technique has changed greatly over the years. In 1989, the authors presented subdermal superficial liposuction which treats the superficial fat layer and yields better skin retraction. With this technique the surgeon can treat thin adipose layers to obtain better results in more cases than the traditio...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00209305
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Lipoma is the most common type of benign soft tissue tumor. However, lipoma containing bone or cartilage is very rare, especially a tumor containing both of these components. We encountered a 59-year-old woman who had a benign lipoma of the infraspinatus muscle that contained both osseous and chondral compon...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-012-9927-9
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Daguerreotype is an integral part of modern history as artifact and witness to great events and forms the basis on which the first surgical photograph of an amputation was taken in North America, during the Mexican-American War between 1846 and 1847; however, its photographer remains unknown. ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00437111
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of nasal skeletal support, whether congenital, following trauma or secondary to multiple failed surgeries, calls for reconstruction aiming at restoring rigid dorsal stability, maintaining tip projection, and restoring respiratory function. Where septal and conchal grafts are inadequate to be used as building bloc...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-003-3035-9
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Orthognathic surgery has become more popular to slenderize a wide lower face and to improve facial esthetics in Asian patients with normal occlusion. Clockwise rotation (CR) of the maxillomandibular complex (MMC) steepens the mandibular plane. This study performed a quantitative analysis on the influence of ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-017-0838-7
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Body contouring in the calf region is becoming a more frequently requested procedure. There are several techniques for calf enhancement, including implants, liposuction, and free flaps. Alloplastic augmentation can be performed with several implant types and several layers of pocket dissection. We present ou...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-011-9812-y
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac arrhythmias are a potential complication in phenol face peeling. A comprehensive review of the literature is presented here demonstrating its reported incidence, as well as the actions of phenol both locally and systemically. In addition to the conventional measures that are presently followed in chemical face...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01576925
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00