Abstract:
:Therapeutic interventions that lower LDL-cholesterol effectively reduce the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, statins, the most widely prescribed LDL-cholesterol lowering drugs, increase diabetes risk. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data in the public domain to investigate the relationship of LDL-C and diabetes and identify loci encoding potential drug targets for LDL-cholesterol modification without causing dysglycemia. We obtained summary-level GWAS data for LDL-C from GLGC, glycemic traits from MAGIC, diabetes from DIAGRAM and CAD from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortia. Mendelian randomization analyses identified a one standard deviation (SD) increase in LDL-C caused an increased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.63 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.55, 1.71), which was not influenced by removing SNPs associated with diabetes. LDL-C/CAD-associated SNPs showed consistent effect directions (binomial P = 6.85 × 10(-5)). Conversely, a 1-SD increase in LDL-C was causally protective of diabetes (OR 0.86; 95 % CI 0.81, 0.91), however LDL-cholesterol/diabetes-associated SNPs did not show consistent effect directions (binomial P = 0.15). HMGCR, our positive control, associated with LDL-C, CAD and a glycemic composite (derived from GWAS meta-analysis of four glycemic traits and diabetes). In contrast, PCSK9, APOB, LPA, CETP, PLG, NPC1L1 and ALDH2 were identified as "druggable" loci that alter LDL-C and risk of CAD without displaying associations with dysglycemia. In conclusion, LDL-C increases the risk of CAD and the relationship is independent of any association of LDL-C with diabetes. Loci that encode targets of emerging LDL-C lowering drugs do not associate with dysglycemia, and this provides provisional evidence that new LDL-C lowering drugs (such as PCSK9 inhibitors) may not influence risk of diabetes.
journal_name
Hum Genetjournal_title
Human geneticsauthors
Tragante V,Asselbergs FW,Swerdlow DI,Palmer TM,Moore JH,de Bakker PIW,Keating BJ,Holmes MVdoi
10.1007/s00439-016-1647-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-01 00:00:00pages
453-467issue
5eissn
0340-6717issn
1432-1203pii
10.1007/s00439-016-1647-9journal_volume
135pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HUMAN GENETICS文献大全abstract::Three human chromosome 9-specific cosmid recombinants containing (CA)n microsatellites are described. Three microsatellite loci, D9S970, D9S971, and D9S972, were observed to have heterozygosities of 0.78, 0.84, and 0.82, respectively. Subchromosomal localizations were determined by R-banding and fluorescence in situ h...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00207389
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Databases of disease-associated or disease-causing mutations allow the study, not only of the molecular mechanisms underlying the primary lesions at the DNA level, but also of the functional consequences of mutation at the phenotypic level. The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the bioinformatics analyses of its...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00439-013-1396-y
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::5'-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) present in the course of late S and G2 phases of the cell cycle in PHA-stimulated human lymphocyte cultures causes the despiralization and elongation of some chromosome regions, including short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. BrdU present at a concentration of 250 microM during the last 10...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00286640
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic heterogeneity of severe von Willebrand disease (vWd) type III was estimated by analysing extended haplotypes of eleven intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms and one variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism in 32 patients from 28 families from Germany or of German origin. All patients we...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00206958
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A unified nomenclature for describing voltage-gated calcium channel genes is proposed. The terminology has been approved by the HUGO/GDB nomenclature committee. ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004390050481
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The underestimates of NF1 gene mutations in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) have been attributed to the large size of the NF1 gene, the considerable frequency of gross deletions and the common occurrence of splicing defects that are only detectable by cDNA analysis. We here report on a patient with severe NF1 showing at RT-...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1009-2
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reliable technique for staining human chromosomal nucleolar organizers (NOR's) with silver solutions is described. The NOR's can be selectively stained dark brown by silver solutions leaving the chromosome arms unstained and available for counterstaining with orcein or Giemsa dyes. Unequivocal identification of chro...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00278889
更新日期:1976-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Retroelements (REs) occupy up to 40% of the human genome. Newly integrated REs can change the pattern of expression of pre-existing host genes and therefore might play a significant role in evolution. In particular, human- and primate-specific REs could affect the divergence of the Hominoidea superfamily. A comparativ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00439-002-0904-2
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alphafetoprotein (AFP) concentration in maternal serum was determined before and after chorionic villus sampling (CVS). A significant increase of 20% or more in the pre-CVS level was noted immediately after sampling in 59% of 837 pregnancies indicating some degree of feto-maternal haemorrhage. The increase in the ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00291241
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormalities of chromosome 9p have been reported in human leukemias and lymphomas, and in cell lines lacking the enzyme methylthioadenosine phosphorylase. It has been shown pCN2, the 3' nontranslated region of the N-ras oncogene, crosshybridizes with unknown DNA segments on chromosome 6, 9p, and 22, in addition to th...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00197163
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the different subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), the dominant types I-III have, so far, been uninformative biochemically and molecular genetically, and diagnostic problems with subgroup boundaries often arise. We have investigated the ultrastructural pattern of connective tissue macromolecules in skin bio...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201664
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A C4 variant found in about 5% of the population is described. The fast-moving part of this variant is governed by an allele (Fx) codominant to F. The Fx allele is in very strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B17 as the linkage disequilibrium parameter accounted for nearly 100% of the haplotype frequency of B17,Fx. ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00289447
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study is to shed light on the phenotype and inheritance pattern of rare 13q33-q34 microdeletions. Appropriate cases were retrieved using local databases of two largest Israeli centers performing CMA analysis. In addition, literature search in PubMed, DECIPHER and ClinVar databases was performed. ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02048-y
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using "new" techniques (malic acid thin layer agarose gel electrophoresis and/or isoelectric focusing), the polymorphism of the human red cell isozyme system esterase D (ESD) was shown to be extended. We report the gene frequencies observed among 312 unrelated Caucasian individuals living in the Düsseldorf area. The f...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00292672
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Premature ovarian failure (POF) is an unexplained amenorrhoea (>6 months) with raised levels of gonadotropins (FSH>40 U/L) occurring before the age of 40 years. Recent studies have elucidated the role of oocyte derived growth factors (BMP15 and GDF9) in maintenance of folliculogenesis, granulosa cell (GC) proliferatio...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0150-0
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality. PTB pathophysiology overlaps with those of adult cardiovascular, immune and metabolic disorders (CIMD), with mechanisms including inflammation, immunotolerance, thrombosis, and nutrient metabolism. Whereas many genetic factors for CIMD have been identified,...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1223-x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translocation t(11;22)(q23;q11) is the most common constitutional reciprocal translocation in man. Balanced carriers are phenotypically normal, except for decreased fertility, an increased spontaneous abortion rate and a possible predisposition to breast cancer in some families. Here, we report the high resolution map...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004390000287
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Southern African Bantu-speaking negroid and San populations were examined with regard to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) PvuII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showing alleles of 4 kb and 1.6 kb, called Type 1 and Type 2, respectively. The standardized disequilibrium coefficient for the ele...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00207056
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given that a large number of candidate genes coding for a tendency toward obesity have been identified and some findings have been replicated, we explored characteristics of those who would be most likely to obtain future genetic testing for this tendency. During a series of focus groups, obese respondents rated their...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0252-8
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the fragile X (fraX) expression in T and B lymphocytes from four hemizygous males with fraX. Blood cultures were stimulated with a T cell mitogen (phytohemagglutinin:PHA) and with a B cell mitogen (pokeweed mitogen:PWM). A significant decrease in fraX expression was observed in cultures stimulated with PWM...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00273003
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant DNA methodology has greatly increased our knowledge of the molecular pathology of the human genome at the same time as providing the means of diagnosing inherited disease at the DNA level. Direct detection and analysis of a wide range of genetic lesions are now possible using cloned gene or oligonucleotide...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00244464
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is caused by a variety of underlying defects. Approximately 40% of cases are thought to be of the X-linked type (SCIDX1), which is phenotypically characterised by the absence, or very low numbers, of T cells, but normal or even high B cell numbers. The gene responsible for SCIDX...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004390050428
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deficiency in 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) activity is the major cause of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-deficient phenylketonuria. Two single base alterations of PTPS cDNA, a C-to-T transition at nucleotide 259 and a novel A-to-G transition at nucleotide 155 (according to cDNA sequence), were identified in ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004390050213
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Out of a population of 138,598 infants born in southern Poland between 1987 and 1989, and screened for phenylketonuria (PKU), 28 cases were ascertained probands and their parents were isolated and eight polymorphic restriction sites were analyzed within the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene region. Twenty-one different h...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00202412
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes Nos. 3 and 22 has been found in a patient with seemingly Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). G-band analysis revealed, that deletion in No. 22 occurred at the same point, as in the typical cases of the disease. It was concluded, that breakage in No. 22 at a ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00291511
更新日期:1976-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Spermatozoa contain highly specialized structural features reflecting unique functions required for fertilization. Among them, the flagellum is a sperm-specific organelle required to generate the motility, which is essential to reach the egg. The flagellum integrity is, therefore, critical for normal sperm function an...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00439-020-02113-x
更新日期:2020-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Investigation of lymphocyte cultures from three females heterozygous for fra(X)(q27) shows widely differing proportions of early and late replicating X chromosomes having the fragile site, and suggests that the replication status of the fragile X may be related to the mental capacity of the patient. The study has util...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00333538
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three families with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) have been studied by linkage analysis with seven polymorphic DNA markers from the Xp11-q21 region. Previously reported linkage to DXYS1 (Xq13-q21) has been confirmed (z (theta) = 4.08 at theta = 0.05) and we have also established linkage to another polymorphic ...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00702863
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex investigation of a spontaneous abortus with monosomy 21 was carried out. Phenotypic expression at the organism and tissue level was characterized by the pathology of the external form of the embryo and by abnormalities of the embryonic facial structures, the stomodeum, the anterior part of the primary gut, and...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00527395
更新日期:1977-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::A new G6PD variant has been detected in a Cuban male and there is no evidence of associated hematological abnormalities. The main characteristics of this variant, moderate deficiency, slow electrophoretic mobility, increased utilization of the substrate analogues, and a different chromatographic behavior, indicate tha...
journal_title:Human genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00329141
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00