Abstract：
:Many grass species are symbiotic with systemic, vertically-transmitted, asymptomatic Epichloë endophytic fungi. These fungi often produce alkaloids that defend the host against herbivores. We studied how environmental variables affect alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix) from three Northern European wild origins and the widely planted US cultivar 'Kentucky-31' (KY31). The plants were grown in identical common garden experiments in Finland and Kentucky for two growing seasons. Plants were left as controls (C) or given water (W), nutrient (N) or water and nutrient (WN) treatments. For 8-10 replications of each plant origin and treatment combination in both experiments, we analyzed ergot alkaloids, lysergic acid, and lolines. In Finland, tall fescue plants produced 50 % more ergot alkaloids compared to plants of the same origin and treatments in Kentucky. Origin of the plants affected the ergot alkaloid concentration at both study sites: the wild origin plants produced 2-4 times more ergot alkaloids than KY31, but the ergot alkaloid concentration of KY31 plants was the same at both locations. Overall lysergic acid content was 60 % higher in plants grown in Kentucky than in those grown in Finland. Nutrient treatments (N, WN) significantly increased ergot alkaloid concentrations in plants from Finland but not in plants from Kentucky. These results suggest that the success of KY31 in US is not due to selection for high ergot alkaloid production but rather other traits associated with the endophyte. In addition, the environmental effects causing variation in alkaloid production of grass-endophyte combinations should be taken into account when using endophyte-infected grasses agriculturally.
journal_name
J Chem Ecoljournal_title
Journal of chemical ecologyauthors
Helander M,Phillips T,Faeth SH,Bush LP,McCulley R,Saloniemi I,Saikkonen Kdoi
10.1007/s10886-016-0667-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
118-26issue
2eissn
0098-0331issn
1573-1561pii
10.1007/s10886-016-0667-1journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Biological pesticides based on nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) can provide an effective and environmentally benign alternative to synthetic chemicals. On some crops, however, the efficacy and persistence of NPVs is known to be reduced by plant specific factors. The present study investigated the efficacy of Helicoverpa ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-010-9748-8
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dufour's gland is the origin of the trail pheromone of Gnamptogenys striatula. Chemical analysis of the glandular extracts revealed a series of new natural products, especially esters of (2E)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (4-methylgeraniol), and (2E)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-nonadien-1-ol (a bishomogeraniol isomer) wit...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021444321238
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sorghum shootfly,Atherigona soccata, under low population density conditions lays one egg per sorghum plant. Possible regulatory mechanisms of this oviposition behavior are reported. The presence of an egg thoroughly washed and reattached to a leaf does not deter further oviposition, indicating the absence of visu...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00992377
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Termite societies are abundant in the tropics, and are therefore exposed to multiple enemies and predators, especially during foraging activity. Soldiers constitute a specialized defensive caste, although workers also participate in this process, and even display suicidal behavior, which is the case with the species N...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01098-w
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trapping experiments were carried out near Winnipeg, Canada, in the spring of 1987 and 1988 to test attraction of crucifer-feeding flea beetles to volatile glucosinolate (GS) hydrolysis products released from glass vials. Nine isothiocyanates (IC) or mustard oils and three nitriles (CN) were tested. The pattern of att...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00988327
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many species of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) utilize male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes. However, the reasons why and the details of how this type of pheromone is used by cerambycids and other coleopteran species that utilize analogous male-produced pheromones remain unclea...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01047-7
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ontogeny of the five queen mandibular gland semiochemicals that initiate and maintain the retinue behavior of worker honeybees was investigated by quantitative splitless capillary gas chromatography. No detectable pheromone is present at the time of eclosion, but decenoic acid levels build up rapidly during the fi...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01016495
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Jasmonic acid (JA) is a key molecule initiating plant defensive responses to attack by pathogens and herbivores. This phytohormone is produced at sites of insect damage and is ingested by feeding insects, but its subsequent occurrence in insect tissues remains to be studied. We report the presence of JA in eggs and ne...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-8553-2
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The principal volatile component (99 + %) of the sex pheromone glands ofLutzomyia longipalpis from Lapinha, Brazil, has been isolated and characterized as a novel homosesquiterpene with the specific structure proposed as 9-methylgermacrene-B, (E,E)-8-(1-methylethylidenyl)-1,5,10-trimethyl-1,5-cyclodecadiene. ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02027726
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants perceive insect herbivores via a sophisticated surveillance system that detects a range of alarm signals, including herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). Fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs) are HAMPs present in oral secretions (OS) of lepidopteran larvae that induce defense responses in many plan...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-020-01152-y
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metapleural gland is exclusive to ants, and unusual among exocrine glands in having no mechanism for closure and retention of secretion. As yet, no clear conclusion has been reached as to the function of metapleural gland secretion. Metapleural gland secretions were investigated for fungus-growing ants representin...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-012-0185-8
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MaleGrapholitha molesta hairpencil components are ethyltrans-cinnamate, mellein, methyl jasmonate, and methyl 2-epijasmonate. The natural behavioral effect elicited by hairpencil-displaying males during courtship in attracting sex-pheromone-releasing females from several centimeters away can be duplicated by mixtures ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987661
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bioactivity of 22 essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants was tested uponAcanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The insecticidal effect was evaluated by determination of 24- and 48-hr LC50 and LC50 (from 1.50 mg/ dm(3) to more than 1000 mg/dm(...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987383
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(Z)-5-Tetradecenyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate were identified as sex pheromone components of an unnamedPlanotortrix leafroller moth species found onAvicennia resinifera (mangrove). An equal mixture of the two compounds used as bait gave field trap catches at least as good as those baited with caged virgin females....
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01880105
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although several studies have elucidated the role of plant epicuticular waxes in host recognition and oviposition by herbivorous insects, there is little known about this subject in Chrysomelidae. In the present study, chemical cues for host recognition behavior and oviposition by the monophagous chrysomelid species C...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010343205114
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The allelopathic interaction between sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and 10 species of grass and broadleaf weeds was investigated. Germination of weed seeds was slightly inhibited or stimulated, depending on species, when incubated in closed Petri dishes with germinating sorghum. Subsequent radicle and hypocotyl...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01012370
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cuticular hydrocarbons are among the prime candidates for nestmate recognition in social insects. We analyzed the variation of cuticular hydrocarbons in the termite species M. subhyalinus in West Africa (Comoë National Park) on a small spatial scale (< 1 km). We found considerable variation in the composition of cutic...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:joec.0000017983.89279.c5
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli) is an endangered scarab beetle living in hollow trees. It has mainly been known for its characteristic odor, typically described as a fruity, peachlike or plumlike aroma. The odor emanating from a single beetle can sometimes be perceived from a distance of several meters. In this paper, we ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1022850704500
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, build nests by excavating soil. Incorporation of ant-derived chemicals in nesting material has long been known; however, only a few chemicals have been identified. This paucity of identified ant-derived chemicals may be due to the interference from soil-borne compounds...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-006-9249-y
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ilex opaca andIlex verticillata are woody species bearing lowquality, bird-dispersed fall fruits that persist for several months. Tests of secondary chemistry show that fruits of both species contain phenolics and saponins as major classes of secondary metabolites. Soluble carbohydrates are the major nutrients in both...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01402936
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subsocial tenebrionid Parastizopus armaticeps Pér. is parasitized by the closely related Eremostibes opacus Koch (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). We found that the pygidial defensive secretions of both species are similar and contain a mixture of 1,4-benzoquinones, 1-alkenes, and monoterpene hydrocarbons. The 1-alkene...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-006-9028-9
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of stink bugs to release high amounts of strong-smelling and irritating defensive compounds is related to their metathoracic gland (MTG), which is an exocrine gland with defensive, sexual, alarm and aggregation signal functions. Orsilochides leucoptera (Scutelleridae) is a widespread species in the Neotrop...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-020-01189-z
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four litters of king snakes (Lampropeltis getulus), a snake-eating species, were tested for responses to chemicals from colubrid and crotaline snakes. King snakes presented with swabs rubbed against the dorsal skin of living snakes and with swabs treated with methylene chloride extracts of shed snake skins tongue-flic...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00990320
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant defensive compounds may be a cost rather than a benefit when plants are attacked by specialist insects that may overcome chemical barriers by strategies such as sequestering plant compounds. Plants may respond to specialist herbivores by compensatory growth rather than chemical defense. To explore the use of def...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-011-9955-y
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pear barkminer moth, Spulerina astaurota Meyrick (Gracillariidae: Gracillariinae), is a harmful pest of the Asian-pear tree. Pheromone components of the female were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector and GC coupled with mass spectrometry. The analyses of a crude pherom...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-011-0032-3
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been proposed to capture and transport hydrophobic chemicals to receptors on sensory neurons. We identified and cloned 24 CSP genes to better understand the physiological function of CSPs in Helicoverpa armigera. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays indicate that CS...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-015-0574-x
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine how individual phenolic acids in a mixture might affect phosphorus (P) uptake, 15-day-old cucumber seedlings grown in solution culture were treated with ferulic, vanillic,p-coumaric, or equimolar mixtures of these phenolic acids. Phenolic acid and P uptake were determined by solution depletion. The joint ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01017478
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the aim of establishing whether the oxidation of the tricyclic carbon skeleton of scalaradial (1) is specific to Glossodoris mollusks, the chemical investigation of specimens of Glossodoris pallida from two distinct geographical areas (China and Guam) and of Glossodoris vespa and Glossodoris averni from Eastern A...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-007-9387-x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently parasitoids were hypothesized to encounter a reliability-detectability problem relating to chemical stimuli from the first and second trophic level, when searching for hosts. The relative role of infochemicals originating from the host,Pieris brassicae (second trophic level), and its food plant, cabbage (firs...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987470
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sterol acquisition by soilborne plant pathogens of the genus Phytophthora is presumed to involve extracellular proteins belonging to class-I elicitins. However, little is known about the relationship between sterol availability and elicitin secretion. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of clas...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-009-9653-1
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
