Mechanism-Based Post-Translational Modification and Inactivation in Terpene Synthases.

Abstract:

:Terpenes are ubiquitous natural chemicals with diverse biological functions spanning all three domains of life. In specialized metabolism, the active sites of terpene synthases (TPSs) evolve in shape and reactivity to direct the biosynthesis of a myriad of chemotypes for organismal fitness. As most terpene biosynthesis mechanistically involves highly reactive carbocationic intermediates, the protein surfaces catalyzing these cascade reactions possess reactive regions possibly prone to premature carbocation capture and potentially enzyme inactivation. Here, we show using proteomic and X-ray crystallographic analyses that cationic intermediates undergo capture by conserved active site residues leading to inhibitory self-alkylation. Moreover, the level of cation-mediated inactivation increases with mutation of the active site, upon changes in the size and structure of isoprenoid diphosphate substrates, and alongside increases in reaction temperatures. TPSs that individually synthesize multiple products are less prone to self-alkylation then TPSs possessing relatively high product specificity. In total, the results presented suggest that mechanism-based alkylation represents an overlooked mechanistic pressure during the evolution of cation-derived terpene biosynthesis.

journal_name

ACS Chem Biol

journal_title

ACS chemical biology

authors

Kersten RD,Diedrich JK,Yates JR 3rd,Noel JP

doi

10.1021/acschembio.5b00539

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-11-20 00:00:00

pages

2501-11

issue

11

eissn

1554-8929

issn

1554-8937

journal_volume

10

pub_type

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