Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Hormesis is a favorable biological response to low toxin exposure. In the case of radiation, large doses are carcinogenic, but low doses might be protective. In the current study, we analyzed lung cancer incidence in high-impact radiation states where nuclear testing occurred and compared it with lung cancer incidence in the remaining normal-impact radiation states and the District of Columbia. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Lung cancer incidence data were from the American Cancer Society. Tobacco use 2012 data were from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The distribution of states grouped according to lung cancer incidence interval was from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Total background radiation measurements (terrestrial + cosmic + radon) were from Assessment of Variations in Radiation Exposure in the United States (2005). Data on high- and normal-impact states were from the National Radiation Exposure Screening & Education Program (RESEP). Congress passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act Amendments of 2000, creating RESEP, to help thousands of people diagnosed with cancer and other diseases caused by exposure to nuclear fallout or radioactive materials such as uranium. These people live in 12 high-impact states where nuclear testing had occurred. High-impact states were not designated according to measurements of background radiation. RESULTS:Lung cancer incidence is significantly lower in high-impact states in men (t = 5.4 for unequal variance; P < .001) and women (t = 3.0; P < .001). The clustering of the 12 high-impact states in the 2 lowest lung cancer incidence intervals (26.8-56.9 and 57.0-63.2) is statistically significant (P < .001, Fisher exact test, 2-tailed). Because cigarette smoking is ordinarily the most powerful risk factor for lung cancer, multivariate linear regression analysis of the effect of U.S. state group (normal-impact, high-impact, or extra high-impact for Nevada, Utah, and Arizona) on lung cancer incidence in men and women was performed. (In Nevada, Utah, and Arizona, men and women would have been downwind.) The U.S. state group impact was significant (P < .001 for men; P = .015 for women). The effect of percentage of smokers in the population was significant (P < .001 for men; P < .001 for women). The effect of total background radiation was significant (P = .029 for men; P < .029 for women); like the state group impact, more background radiation exposure was associated with less lung cancer. CONCLUSION:Hormesis is still mired in controversy. Yet, it is of vital medical importance because of the continuing debate over whether the low-level radiation doses from diagnostic x-ray procedures, such as computed tomography scans, are harmful. Our analysis adds to the body of evidence suggesting that the linear no threshold model of radiation carcinogenicity in lung cancer might not be correct. Low-level radiation exposure might protect against lung cancer rather than cause it.
journal_name
Clin Lung Cancerjournal_title
Clinical lung cancerauthors
Lehrer S,Rosenzweig KEdoi
10.1016/j.cllc.2014.09.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-01 00:00:00pages
152-5issue
2eissn
1525-7304issn
1938-0690pii
S1525-7304(14)00227-7journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The insulin-receptor substrate family plays important roles in cellular growth, signaling, and survival. Two new members of this family have recently been isolated: IRS5/Dok4 and IRS6/Dok5. This study examines the expression of IRS5/DOK4 in a panel of lung cancer cell lines and tumor specimens. The results demonstrate...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/CLC.2008.n.053
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The real-world effect of anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapies is unclear. We compared US patients who received second-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and shortly after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of PD-L1 inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Patients in ...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2019.04.004
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:For lung cancer screening, the available data are often derived from patients enrolled prospectively in clinical trials. We, therefore, investigated lung cancer screening patterns among individuals eligible for, but not enrolled in, a screening trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS:From February 2017 through Februa...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2020.02.010
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obtaining a tissue diagnosis has traditionally been standard practice before initiating therapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In several recent studies from Europe and Asia, a substantial proportion of patients have received stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) based only on the i...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2014.04.001
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the treatment rationale and study-related procedures for the A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Study of Docetaxel and Ramucirumab Versus Docetaxel and Placebo in the Treatment of Stage IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Following Disease Progression after One Prior Platinum-Based Therapy (REVEL) st...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2012.06.007
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple studies have confirmed the value of radiation therapy in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer. The appropriate dose of radiation and the optimal fractionation scheme, however, remain controversial. This article will examine the history of radiation therapy in the management of small-cell lung cancer. It will ...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/clc.2003.n.013
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with multiple primary lung cancers increasingly receive multiple courses of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of such treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We reviewed a prospective lung SBRT database of patients treated for stage I non-small-cell lung ca...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2018.10.010
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In lung adenocarcinoma, inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 may abrogate a safeguard mechanism preventing the development of tumors with activating mutations in EGFR or KRAS. To assess this hypothesis, we analyzed TP53 mutations and downregulation of p14(arf), a negative regulator of p53 activated by on...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2013.08.003
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Extrapolation of clinical trials results to the general population is always challenging. We analysed 1047 patients diagnosed with an advanced stage disease between 1998 and 2005 in a french administrative department and found a good spread of modern chemotherapy since 1998 and targeted therapy since 2002. M...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2015.05.001
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Continuing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy may be beneficial when patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and EGFR mutations experience gradual disease progression after initial EGFR-TKI treatment. We aimed to compare the efficacy of simultaneous EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy with that of sequential t...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2020.06.005
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic chemotherapy results in modest improvements in survival and quality of life for patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Administration of a platinum compound in combination with a taxane (paclitaxel or docetaxel), gemcitabine, vinorelbine, or irinotecan is considered optimal first-lin...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3816/clc.2005.s.014
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Efficacy of first-line gefitinib for elderly epidermal growth factor receptor mutated patients with lung adenocarcinoma is uncertain. This study was aimed to investigate efficacy of gefitinib for such population. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR) and at least 12 cases were needed. Overall RR was 59...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2011.02.004
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Azacitidine as an effective epigenetic therapeutic agent has not been used as an aerosol form to treat lung cancer patients. We aerosolized clinical grade azacitidine (Aza), optimized the formulation, and studied its pharmacokinetics and toxicity in mice. METHODS:Extrusion-precipitation method and DNA methy...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2015.09.005
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Small observational studies have demonstrated an association between high ERCC1 expression level and poor prognosis in advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. This meta-analysis presents pooled estimates of association from 11 studies. High ERCC1 patients had lower response rates and higher ...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2011.04.005
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) has a profound impact on quality of life and survival in patients with lung cancer. Identification of the factors within the tumor and its environment that mediate MPE is still lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Intratumoral microvessel density (MVD), endothelial cell and pericyt...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2013.06.007
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is affected by many known factors. Our study aimed to evaluate whether other factors, in particular lung cancer, could be responsible for an increase in NT-proBNP levels in a population with no known risk factors for elevated NT-proBNP. PATI...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/CLC.2010.n.043
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are extremely rare in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here, we present a case of an EGFR-mutant gefitinib-responsive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of adenocarcinoma histology occurring in a never-smoker followed by subsequent diagnosis of met...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/CLC.2010.n.046
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We set out to investigate whether volumetric tumor measurements allow for a prediction of treatment response, as measured by patient survival, in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients with nonresectable NSCLC (stage III or IV, n = 100) who were repeatedl...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2013.11.001
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This clinical trial summary provides the background and rationale for a randomized trial examining the benefits of pemetrexed/ cisplatin chemotherapy combined with radiation followed by consolidation pemetrexed in patients with unresectable stage IIIA/B non-small-cell lung cancer. The rationale for the selection of th...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3816/CLC.2009.n.027
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs) are one of the new classes of molecularly targeted agents that have transitioned from the laboratory into clinical trials. Rational drug design has resulted in agents directed against a number of important cellular targets, including the mRNA of bcl-2, protein kinase (PK) C-alpha, PK...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/clc.2003.s.007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:First-line treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has undergone a paradigm shift to platinum combination therapy together with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Bevacizumab is expected to enhance not only chemotherapy but also the efficacy of ICIs through blockade of vascular endothelial growth ...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2020.03.010
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2018.05.016
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Lung Cancer Disease Site Group (DSG) of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative first met in January of 1994. Included in the membership were three pathologists who, with the other members of the DSG, felt that a useful contribution to the work of the group would be a recommendation on standardized ...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/clc.2000.n.008
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both gemcitabine and carboplatin have demonstrated activity in advanced non small-cell lung cancer. The combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin has demonstrated equivalent or superior efficacy to other commonly used agents and two-drug combinations, and a recent Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial suggested that...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/clc.2000.s.008
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current treatments of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are inadequate and new therapies are being developed that target specific cellular signaling proteins associated with tumor growth. One potential target is protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, a signaling molecule with an important role in cell regulation and prolifera...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3816/clc.2004.n.032
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with the majority of patients presenting with advanced disease. Despite the introduction of newer therapeutic agents and modest survival improvement, the overall prognosis for these patients is poor. The goals of therapy should therefore include improvement ...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3816/CLC.2003.n.018
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We examined mutational testing of the epidermal growth factor gene (EGFR) and erlotinib treatment among veterans diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Our objectives were to identify the prevalence of clinically actionable EGFR mutations, to det...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2016.11.018
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the poor results observed after platinum-based first-line chemotherapy, research on new strategies for second-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is warranted. Current research focuses on the development of new agents and the assessment of a combination of therapies, especially tho...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3816/CLC.2009.n.041
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2016.12.015
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many patients diagnosed with stage IIIB (AJCC sixth edition; T4, N3, or both; no pleural effusion) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated with curative intent, despite a low cure rate. Guidelines are required to help select patients for radical therapy so that the patients with little chance of cure ...
journal_title:Clinical lung cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2013.12.007
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00