Abstract:
:Patterns of local adaptation are expected to emerge when selection is spatially heterogeneous and sufficiently strong relative to the action of other evolutionary forces. The observation of local adaptation thus provides important insight into evolutionary processes and the adaptive divergence of populations. The detection of local adaptation, however, suffers from several conceptual, statistical and methodological issues. Here, we provide practical recommendations regarding (1) the definition of local adaptation, (2) the analysis of transplant experiments and (3) the optimisation of the experimental design of local adaptation studies. Together, these recommendations provide a unified approach for measuring local adaptation and understanding the adaptive divergence of populations in a wide range of biological systems.
journal_name
Ecol Lettjournal_title
Ecology lettersauthors
Blanquart F,Kaltz O,Nuismer SL,Gandon Sdoi
10.1111/ele.12150subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-01 00:00:00pages
1195-205issue
9eissn
1461-023Xissn
1461-0248journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
ECOLOGY LETTERS文献大全abstract::Correlative analyses predict that anthropogenic climate warming will cause widespread extinction but the nature and generality of the underlying mechanisms is unclear. Warming-induced activity restriction has been proposed as a general explanatory mechanism for recent population extinctions in lizards, and has been us...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12192
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impacts of climate change on forest net biomass change are poorly understood but critical for predicting forest's contribution to the global carbon cycle. Recent studies show climate change-associated net biomass declines in mature forest plots. The representativeness of these plots for regional forests, however, ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12653
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent observation of a power-law relationship, S proportional A(z), between number of taxa, S, and area, A, for microbial eukaryotes and bacteria suggests that this is one of the few generic relationships in ecology, applicable to plants, animals and microbes. However, the rate of increase in the number of specie...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00929.x
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intra- and interspecific plant-plant interactions are fundamental to patterns of community assembly and to the mixture effects observed in biodiversity studies. Although much research has been conducted at the species level, very little is understood about how genetic variation within and among interacting species may...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01710.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A latitudinal gradient in biodiversity has existed since before the time of the dinosaurs, yet how and why this gradient arose remains unresolved. Here we review two major hypotheses for the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient. The time and area hypothesis holds that tropical climates are older and historical...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01020.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species diversity has two components - number of species and spatial turnover in species composition (beta-diversity). Using a field experiment focusing on a system of Mediterranean grasslands, we show that interspecific competition may influence the two components in the same direction or in opposite directions, depe...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12343
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most studies of plant-animal mutualistic networks have come from a temporally static perspective. This approach has revealed general patterns in network structure, but limits our ability to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape these networks and to predict the consequences of natural and hum...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/ele.13623
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some microbial public goods can provide both individual and community-wide benefits, and are open to exploitation by non-producing species. One such example is the production of metal-detoxifying siderophores. Here, we investigate whether conflicting selection pressures on siderophore production by heavy metals - a de...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12878
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::'C4 photosynthesis' refers to a suite of traits that increase photosynthesis in high light and high temperature environments. Most C4 plants are grasses, which dominate tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas but are conspicuously absent from cold growing season climates. Physiological attributes of C4 photos...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01144.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calls to understand the links between ecology and evolution have been common for decades. Population dynamics, i.e. the demographic changes in populations, arise from life history decisions of individuals and thus are a product of selection, and selection, on the contrary, can be modified by such dynamical properties ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01086.x
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the short-term heterotrophic soil respiration is strongly and positively related to temperature. In the long-term, its response to temperature is uncertain. One reason for this is because in field experiments increases in respiration due to warming are relatively short-lived. The explanations proposed for this ephe...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climatic conditions vary in spatial frequency globally. Spatially rare climatic conditions provide fewer suitable environments than common ones and should impose constraints on the types of species present locally and regionally. We used data on 467 North American angiosperms to test the effects of the spatial frequen...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.13425
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of the 25 elements required to build most organisms, sodium has a unique set of characteristics that ramify through terrestrial ecology. In plants, sodium is found in low concentrations and has little metabolic function; in plant consumers, particularly animals, sodium is essential to running costly Na-K ATPases. Here...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/ele.13517
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soaring birds migrate in massive numbers worldwide. These migrations are complex and dynamic phenomena, strongly influenced by meteorological conditions that produce thermal and orographic uplift as the birds traverse the landscape. Herein we report on how methods were developed to estimate the strength of thermal and...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01713.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asexual taxa often have larger ranges than their sexual progenitors, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The reasons given for this 'geographical parthenogenesis' are contentious, with expansion of the ecological niche or colonisation advantages of uniparental reproduction assumed most important...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12908
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of consumers in structuring communities, and the widespread assumption that consumption is strongest at low latitudes, empirical tests for global scale patterns in the magnitude of consumer impacts are limited. In marine systems, the long tradition of experimentally excluding herbivores in their...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01804.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pither & Aarssen (2005) propose a null model approach to assess the proportion of niche specialist taxa along ecological gradients. They apply this methodology to a large data set of lacustrine diatom assemblages and conclude that a majority of the taxa are generalists on a pH gradient. This conflicts with previous wo...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00875.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degree to which rising atmospheric CO(2) will be offset by carbon (C) sequestration in forests depends in part on the capacity of trees and soil microbes to make physiological adjustments that can alleviate resource limitation. Here, we show for the first time that mature trees exposed to CO(2) enrichment increase...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01570.x
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classifying the biological traits of organisms can test conceptual frameworks of life-history strategies and allow for predictions of how different species may respond to environmental disturbances. We apply a trait-based classification approach to a complex and threatened group of species, scleractinian corals. Using...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01861.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate predictions of soil C feedbacks to climate change depend on an improved understanding of responses of soil C pools and C use by soil microbial groups. We assessed soil and microbial C in a 7-year manipulation of CO2 and warming in a semi-arid grassland. Continuous field isotopic labelling under elevated CO2 f...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.13140
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary dynamics of pathogens are critically important for disease outcomes, prevalence and emergence. In this study we investigate ecological conditions that may promote the long-term maintenance of virulence polymorphisms in pathogen populations. Recent theory predicts that evolution towards increased virul...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01687.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shifts in the phenologies of coexistence species are altering the temporal structure of natural communities worldwide. However, predicting how these changes affect the structure and long-term dynamics of natural communities is challenging because phenology and coexistence theory have largely proceeded independently. H...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/ele.13277
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shifts in species' phenology in response to climate change have wide-ranging consequences for ecological systems. However, significant variability in species' responses, together with limited data, frustrates efforts to forecast the consequences of ongoing phenological changes. Herein, we use a case study of three Nor...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01765.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community assembly history is increasingly recognized as a fundamental determinant of community structure. However, little is known as to how assembly history may affect ecosystem functioning via its effect on community structure. Using wood-decaying fungi as a model system, we provide experimental evidence that large...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01465.x
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::How does life history affects the short-term elasticities of population growth rate? We decompose short-term elasticity as a sum of (i) the effect of the perturbation in rates on the unperturbed population structure and (ii) the effect of the original vital rates on the difference in structure between the original and...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01108.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The canonical factors typically thought to determine herbivore community structure often explain only a small fraction of the variation in herbivore abundance and diversity. We tested how macronutrients and relatively understudied micronutrients interacted to influence the structure of insect herbivore (orthopteran) c...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.13127
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Game et al. (2009) explored using rapid rotational fishing for increasing herbivore biomass. Their results depend crucially on the assumption that fishing effort that was in closures disappears, rather than shifting elsewhere. If effort shifts, rapid rotation has no effects, but previous age-structured analyses show b...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01499.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local adaptation, adaptive population divergence and speciation are often expected to result from populations evolving in response to spatial variation in selection. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the major features that characterise the spatial patterns of selection, namely the extent of variation amon...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/ele.12174
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The longstanding biotic interactions hypothesis predicts that herbivore pressure declines with latitude, but the evidence is mixed. To address gaps in previous studies, we measured herbivory and defence in the same system, quantified defence with bioassays, and considered effects of leaf age. We quantified herbivory a...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12925
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the potential for rapid and microgeographical adaptation, ecologists increasingly are exploring evolutionary explanations for community patterns. Biotic selection can generate local adaptations that alter species interactions. Although some gene flow might be necessary to fuel local adaptation, higher gene flow ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01632.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00