Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) functional superfamily includes integral transmembrane exporters that have evolved three times independently, forming three families termed ABC1, ABC2 and ABC3, upon which monophyletic ATPases have been superimposed for energy-coupling purposes [e.g., J Membr Biol 231(1):1-10, 2009]. The goal of the work reported in this communication was to understand how the integral membrane constituents of ABC uptake transporters with different numbers of predicted or established transmembrane segments (TMSs) evolved. In a few cases, high resolution 3-dimensional structures were available, and in these cases, their structures plus primary sequence analyses allowed us to predict evolutionary pathways of origin. RESULTS:All of the 35 currently recognized families of ABC uptake proteins except for one (family 21) were shown to be homologous using quantitative statistical methods. These methods involved using established programs that compare native protein sequences with each other, after having compared each sequence with thousands of its own shuffled sequences, to gain evidence for homology. Topological analyses suggested that these porters contain numbers of TMSs ranging from four or five to twenty. Intragenic duplication events occurred multiple times during the evolution of these porters. They originated from a simple primordial protein containing 3 TMSs which duplicated to 6 TMSs, and then produced porters of the various topologies via insertions, deletions and further duplications. Except for family 21 which proved to be related to ABC1 exporters, they are all related to members of the previously identified ABC2 exporter family. Duplications that occurred in addition to the primordial 3 → 6 duplication included 5 → 10, 6 → 12 and 10 → 20 TMSs. In one case, protein topologies were uncertain as different programs gave discrepant predictions. It could not be concluded with certainty whether a 4 TMS ancestral protein or a 5 TMS ancestral protein duplicated to give an 8 or a 10 TMS protein. Evidence is presented suggesting but not proving that the 2TMS repeat unit in ABC1 porters derived from the two central TMSs of ABC2 porters. These results provide structural information and plausible evolutionary pathways for the appearance of most integral membrane constituents of ABC uptake transport systems. CONCLUSIONS:Almost all integral membrane uptake porters of the ABC superfamily belong to the ABC2 family, previously established for exporters. Most of these proteins can have 5, 6, 10, 12 or 20 TMSs per polypeptide chain. Evolutionary pathways for their appearance are proposed.
journal_name
BMC Microbioljournal_title
BMC microbiologyauthors
Zheng WH,Västermark Å,Shlykov MA,Reddy V,Sun EI,Saier MH Jrdoi
10.1186/1471-2180-13-98subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-06 00:00:00pages
98issn
1471-2180pii
1471-2180-13-98journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMC MICROBIOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Malic enzymes decarboxylate the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate malate to the glycolytic end-product pyruvate and are well positioned to regulate metabolic flux in central carbon metabolism. Despite the wide distribution of these enzymes, their biological roles are unclear in part because the rea...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0780-x
更新日期:2016-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The symbiotic bacteria associated with edible fungi are valuable microbial resources worthy of in-depth exploration. It is important to analyze the community structure and succession of symbiotic bacteria in mushrooms. This can assist in the isolation of growth-promoting strains that have an essential relati...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01998-y
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota has been a subject of intense research throughout the 3rd Millennium. Now that a general picture about microbiota composition in health and disease is emerging, questions about factors determining development of microbiotas with specific community structures w...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1538-z
更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategy was used with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (EXPEC) that cause avian colibacillosis (avian pathogenic E. coli or APEC) and human urinary tract infections (uropathogenic E. coli or UPEC) to determine if they possessed genes that were host and/...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-7-81
更新日期:2007-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein and nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) are potentially oncogenic. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of HCV type 1b core protein and NS4B on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in variou...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-017-1032-4
更新日期:2017-05-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved subtle strategies to subvert vesicular trafficking pathways of their host cells to avoid killing and to replicate inside the cells. Brucellae are Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria that are responsible for brucellosis, a worldwide extended ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0223-5
更新日期:2014-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The dspA (hik33) gene, coding for a putative sensory histidine kinase, is conserved in plastids (ycf26) and cyanobacteria. It has been linked with a number of different stress responses in cyanobacteria. RESULTS:We constructed an insertional mutant of dspA (ycf26) in Synechocystis 6803. We found little phen...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-5-47
更新日期:2005-08-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plant endophytic bacteria play an important role benefiting plant growth or being pathogenic to plants or organisms that consume those plants. Multiple species of bacteria have been found co-inhabiting plants, both cultivated and wild, with viruses and fungi. For these reasons, a general understanding of pla...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-1
更新日期:2013-01-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fungi constitute an important yet frequently neglected component of the human microbiota with a possible role in health and disease. Fungi and bacteria colonise the infant gastrointestinal tract in parallel, yet most infant microbiome studies have ignored fungi. Milk is a source of diverse and viable bacteri...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01829-0
更新日期:2020-06-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meiotic cells undergo two rounds of nuclear division and generate gametes. Previous studies have indicated that a number of transcription factors modulate the transcriptome in successive waves during meiosis and spore formation in fission yeast. However, the mechanisms underlying the post-transcriptional reg...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-14-188
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Porphyromonas gingivalis, a microorganism residing in the oral cavity within complex multispecies biofilms, is one of the keystone pathogens in the onset and progression of periodontitis. In this in vitro study, using DNA microarray, we investigate the differential gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1423-9
更新日期:2019-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The infections caused by antibiotic multidrug-resistant bacteria seriously threaten human health. To prevent and cure the infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, new antimicrobial agents are required. Antimicrobial peptides are ideal therapy candidates for antibiotic-resistant pathogens. However, ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0389-5
更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacterial adhesive proteins, called adhesins, are frequently the decisive factor in initiation of a bacterial infection. Characterization of such molecules is crucial for the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis, design of vaccines and development of antibacterial drugs. Because adhesins are frequently di...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-117
更新日期:2011-05-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A disrupted cell cycle progression of hepatocytes was reported in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which can contribute significantly in the associated pathogenesis. The present study aimed to further elaborate these disruptions by evaluating the expression of key cell cycle and apoptotic proteins ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-133
更新日期:2008-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Total community rDNA was used to determine the diversity of bacteria and archaea from water, wet sediment and microbial mats samples of hot springs in the Eastern lowlands of Eritrea. The temperatures of the springs range from 49.5 °C to 100 °C while pH levels varied from 6.97 to 7.54. Akwar and Maiwooi have...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-017-1113-4
更新日期:2017-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The KdpD/KdpE two-component system of Escherichia coli regulates expression of the kdpFABC operon encoding the high affinity K+ transport system KdpFABC. The input domain of KdpD comprises a domain that belongs to the family of universal stress proteins (Usp). It has been previously demonstrated that UspC bi...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-133
更新日期:2009-07-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biofilm is a fundamental bacterial survival mode which proceeds through three main generalized phases: adhesion, maturation, and dispersion. Lactobacilli spp. (LB) are critical components of gut and reproductive health and are widely used probiotics. Evaluation of time-dependent mechanisms of biofilm formati...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01753-3
更新日期:2020-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The sequenced O45:K1:H7 Escherichia coli meningitis strain S88 harbors a large virulence plasmid. To identify possible genetic determinants of pS88 virulence, we examined the transcriptomes of 88 plasmidic ORFs corresponding to known and putative virulence genes, and 35 ORFs of unknown function. RESULTS:Qua...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-115
更新日期:2012-06-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The catabolite control protein CcpA is a transcriptional regulator conserved in many Gram-positives, controlling the efficiency of glucose metabolism. Here we studied the role of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 CcpA in regulation of metabolic pathways and expression of enterotoxin genes by comparative transcripto...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-62
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease, may enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state triggered by environmental stress conditions. Specific outer-membrane epitopes of L. pneumophila are used in many diagnostic applications and some of them are linked to important virulence...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1220-x
更新日期:2018-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Fig. 2c. ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01791-x
更新日期:2020-04-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:DING proteins constitute a conserved and broadly distributed set of proteins found in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals (including humans). Characterization of DING proteins from animal and plant tissues indicated ligand-binding ability suggesting a role for DING proteins in cell signaling and biomineraliz...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-7-114
更新日期:2007-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Wolbachia, one of the most abundant taxa of intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, is widespread among arthropods and filarial nematodes. The presence of these maternally inherited bacteria is associated with modifications of host fitness, including a variety of reproductive abnormalities, such as cytoplasmic in...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1652-y
更新日期:2019-12-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:H-NS is a DNA-binding protein with central roles in gene regulation and nucleoid structuring in Escherichia coli. There are over 60 genes that are influenced by H-NS many of which are involved in metabolism. To determine the significance of H-NS-regulated genes in metabolism and stress tolerance, an hns muta...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-72
更新日期:2006-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Growing concerns about bacterial resistance to antibiotics have prompted the development of alternative therapies like those based on cationic antimicrobial peptides (APs). These compounds not only are bactericidal by themselves but also enhance the activity of antibiotics. Studies focused on the systematic ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-196
更新日期:2008-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Though important in the context of food microbiology and as potential pathogens in immuno-compromised humans, bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Pediococcus are best known for their association with contamination of ethanol fermentation processes (beer, wine, or fuel ethanol). Use of antimicrobial com...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-190
更新日期:2009-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antimicrobial resistance is currently a major global issue. As the rate of emergence of antimicrobial resistance has superseded the rate of discovery and introduction of new effective drugs, the medical arsenal now is experiencing shortage of effective drugs to combat diseases, particularly against diseases ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0936-3
更新日期:2017-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microbiota from different niches within the canine oral cavity were profiled and compared. Supragingival plaque and stimulated saliva, were collected alongside samples from the buccal and tongue dorsum mucosa, from 14 Labrador retrievers at three timepoints within a 1 month timeframe. The V3-V4 region of the...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-1704-3
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is well known that expression of certain bacterial genes responds rapidly to such stimuli as exposure to toxic chemicals and physical agents. It is generally believed that the proteins encoded in these genes are important for successful survival of the organism under the hostile conditions. Analogously, t...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-3-16
更新日期:2003-08-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Candida parapsilosis typically is a commensal of human skin. However, when host immune defense is compromised or the normal microflora balance is disrupted, C. parapsilosis transforms itself into an opportunistic pathogen. Candida-derived lipase has been identified as potential virulence factor. Even though ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-122
更新日期:2011-05-29 00:00:00