Effects of strongman training on salivary testosterone levels in a sample of trained men.

Abstract:

:Strongman exercises consist of multi-joint movements that incorporate large muscle mass groups and impose a substantial amount of neuromuscular stress. The purpose of this study was to examine salivary testosterone responses from 2 novel strongman training (ST) protocols in comparison with an established hypertrophic (H) protocol reported to acutely elevate testosterone levels. Sixteen men (24 ± 4.4 years, 181.2 ± 6.8 cm, and 95.3 ± 20.3 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects completed 3 protocols designed to ensure equal total volume (sets and repetitions), rest period, and intensity between the groups. Exercise sets were performed to failure. Exercise selection and intensity (3 sets × 10 repetitions at 75% 1 repetition maximum) were chosen as they reflected commonly prescribed resistance exercise protocols recognized to elicit a large acute hormonal response. In each of the protocols, subjects were required to perform 3 sets to muscle failure of 5 different exercises (tire flip, chain drag, farmers walk, keg carry, and atlas stone lift) with a 2-minute rest interval between sets and a 3-minute rest interval between exercises. Saliva samples were collected pre-exercise (PRE), immediate postexercise (PST), and 30 minutes postexercise (30PST). Delta scores indicated a significant difference between PRE and PST testosterone level within each group (p ≤ 0.05), with no significant difference between the groups. Testosterone levels spiked 136% (225.23 ± 148.01 pg·ml(-1)) for the H group, 74% (132.04 ± 98.09 pg·ml(-1)) for the ST group, and 54% (122.10 ± 140.67 pg·ml) for the mixed strongman/hypertrophy (XST) group. A significant difference for testosterone level occurred over time (PST to 30PST) for the H group p ≤ 0.05. In conclusion, ST elicits an acute endocrine response similar to a recognized H protocol when equated for duration and exercise intensity.

journal_name

J Strength Cond Res

authors

Ghigiarelli JJ,Sell KM,Raddock JM,Taveras K

doi

10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182578115

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-03-01 00:00:00

pages

738-47

issue

3

eissn

1064-8011

issn

1533-4287

pii

00124278-201303000-00026

journal_volume

27

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Evaluating plyometric exercises using time to stabilization.

    abstract::Plyometric exercises are frequently used in strength and conditioning and rehabilitation programs because the landing phase of these exercises requires dynamic stabilization. This study examined the differences in landing stability of a variety of plyometric exercises by assessing time to stabilization (TTS), its reli...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cbaadd

    authors: Ebben WP,Vanderzanden T,Wurm BJ,Petushek EJ

    更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • Is Ischemic Preconditioning Intervention Occlusion-Dependent to Enhance Resistance Exercise Performance?

    abstract::de Souza, HLR, Arriel, RA, Hohl, R, da Mota, GR, and Marocolo, M. Is ischemic preconditioning intervention occlusion-dependent to enhance resistance exercise performance? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Ischemic preconditioning is a rising technique with potential to improve performance. Currently, its effect...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003224

    authors: de Souza HLR,Arriel RA,Hohl R,da Mota GR,Marocolo M

    更新日期:2019-07-22 00:00:00

  • Heart rate-running speed index may be an efficient method of monitoring endurance training adaptation.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel heart rate (HR)-running speed index could be used in monitoring adaptation to endurance training. Forty-five recreational runners underwent a 2-phased 28-week training regime. The first 14 weeks included basic endurance training, whereas the second 14 weeks were...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000349

    authors: Vesterinen V,Hokka L,Hynynen E,Mikkola J,Häkkinen K,Nummela A

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Functional Threshold Power Is Not Equivalent to Lactate Parameters in Trained Cyclists.

    abstract::Jeffries, O, Simmons, R, Patterson, SD, and Waldron, M. Functional threshold power is not equivalent to lactate parameters in trained cyclists. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Functional threshold power (FTP) is derived from a maximal self-paced 20-minute cycling time trial whereby the average power output is...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003203

    authors: Jeffries O,Simmons R,Patterson SD,Waldron M

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • Neuromuscular Adaptations to Unilateral vs. Bilateral Strength Training in Women.

    abstract::Botton, CE, Radaelli, R, Wilhelm, EN, Rech, A, Brown, LE, and Pinto, RS. Neuromuscular adaptations to unilateral vs. bilateral strength training in women. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1924-1932, 2016-Considering the bilateral deficit, the sum of forces produced by each limb in a unilateral condition is generally greater...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001125

    authors: Botton CE,Radaelli R,Wilhelm EN,Rech A,Brown LE,Pinto RS

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of warm-ups involving static or dynamic stretching on agility, sprinting, and jumping performance in trained individuals.

    abstract::The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of static and dynamic stretching alone and in combination on subsequent agility, sprinting, and jump performance. Eight different stretching protocols: (a) static stretch (SS) to point of discomfort (POD); (b) SS less than POD (SS

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aeb181

    authors: Chaouachi A,Castagna C,Chtara M,Brughelli M,Turki O,Galy O,Chamari K,Behm DG

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Do hockey players need aerobic fitness? Relation between VO2max and fatigue during high-intensity intermittent ice skating.

    abstract::The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between aerobic capacity, as measured by the VO(2)max test, and recovery from high-intensity intermittent exercise. Eleven female collegiate hockey players agreed to participate. Subjects skated 5 1-lap intervals around the hockey rink at maximal inten...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/R-18881.1

    authors: Carey DG,Drake MM,Pliego GJ,Raymond RL

    更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00

  • Determinant Factors of Physical Performance and Specific Throwing in Handball Players of Different Ages.

    abstract::Ortega-Becerra, M, Pareja-Blanco, F, Jiménez-Reyes, P, Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V, and González-Badillo, JJ. Determinant factors of physical performance and specific throwing in handball players of different ages. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1778-1786, 2018-This study aimed to analyze various fitness qualities in handball pl...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002050

    authors: Ortega-Becerra M,Pareja-Blanco F,Jiménez-Reyes P,Cuadrado-Peñafiel V,González-Badillo JJ

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Acute and Long-Term Comparison of Fixed vs. Self-Selected Rest Interval Between Sets on Upper-Body Strength.

    abstract::Simão, R, Polito, M, de Salles, BF, Marinho, DA, Garrido, ND, Santos Junior, ERT, and Willardson, JM. Acute and long-term comparison of fixed vs. self-selected rest interval between sets on upper-body strength. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The effects of different rest interval durations between sets has b...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003606

    authors: Simão R,Polito M,Freitas de Salles B,Marinho DA,Garrido ND,Junior ERTS,Willardson JM

    更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00

  • Relationship Between Skating Economy and Performance During a Repeated-Shift Test in Elite and Subelite Ice Hockey Players.

    abstract::Lamoureux, NR, Tomkinson, GR, Peterson, BJ, and Fitzgerald, JS. Relationship between skating economy and performance during a repeated-shift test in elite and subelite ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1109-1113, 2018-The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of skating economy to fatigue ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002418

    authors: Lamoureux NR,Tomkinson GR,Peterson BJ,Fitzgerald JS

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Self-reported training methods of mixed martial artists at a regional reality fighting event.

    abstract::This study surveyed 28 athletes competing at a regional mixed martial arts (MMA) event. The survey attempted to gather information regarding overall training volume, supplement use, and specific exercises used. The survey return rate was 100% (28/28). Twenty-five out of the 28 athletes supplemented their training with...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/1533-4287(2004)018<0194:stmomm>2.0.co;2

    authors: Amtmann JA

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Exercise Intensity and Recovery: Biomarkers of Injury, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress.

    abstract::Biomarkers of inflammation, muscle damage, and oxidative stress after high-intensity exercise have been described previously; however, further understanding of their role in the postexercise recovery period is necessary. Because these markers have been implicated in cell signaling, they may be specifically related to ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828f1ee9

    authors: Bessa AL,Oliveira VN,Agostini GG,Oliveira RJ,Oliveira AC,White GE,Wells GD,Teixeira DN,Espindola FS

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Changes in Muscle Architecture, Explosive Ability, and Track and Field Throwing Performance Throughout a Competitive Season and After a Taper.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an overreach and taper on measures of muscle architecture, jumping, and throwing performance in Division I collegiate throwers preparing for conference championships. Six collegiate track and field throwers (3 hammer, 2 discus, 1 javelin) trained for 12 weeks usi...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001619

    authors: Bazyler CD,Mizuguchi S,Harrison AP,Sato K,Kavanaugh AA,DeWeese BH,Stone MH

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • A Retrospective Analysis of the National Youth Teams in Volleyball: Were They Always Faster, Taller, and Stronger?

    abstract::Mireille, M, Johan, P, Matthieu, L, and Pieter, V. A retrospective analysis of the national youth teams in volleyball: Were they always faster, taller, and stronger? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Although there are numerous studies comparing the characteristics of young and adult volleyball players of diffe...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003847

    authors: Mostaert M,Pion J,Lenoir M,Vansteenkiste P

    更新日期:2020-10-09 00:00:00

  • Effect of Instructions on Selected Jump Squat Variables.

    abstract::Talpey, SW, Young, WB, and Beseler, B. Effect of instructions on selected jump squat variables. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2508-2513, 2016-The purpose of this study was to compare 2 instructions on the performance of selected variables in a jump squat (JS) exercise. The second purpose was to determine the relationship...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000435

    authors: Talpey SW,Young WB,Beseler B

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Biomechanical differences between incline and plane hopping.

    abstract::Kannas, TM, Kellis, E, and Amiridis, IG. Biomechanical differences between incline and plane hopping. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3334-3341, 2011-The need for the generation of higher joint power output during performance of dynamic activities led us to investigate the force-length relationship of the plantar flexors ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31821764e4

    authors: Kannas TM,Kellis E,Amiridis IG

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Electromyographic Comparison of Barbell Deadlift, Hex Bar Deadlift, and Hip Thrust Exercises: A Cross-Over Study.

    abstract::Andersen, V, Fimland, MS, Mo, D-A, Iversen, VM, Vederhus, T, Rockland Hellebø, LR, Nordaune, KI, and Saeterbakken, AH. Electromyographic comparison of barbell deadlift, hex bar deadlift, and hip thrust exercises: a cross-over study. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 587-593, 2018-The aim of the study was to compare the muscl...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001826

    authors: Andersen V,Fimland MS,Mo DA,Iversen VM,Vederhus T,Rockland Hellebø LR,Nordaune KI,Saeterbakken AH

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Use of integrated technology in team sports: a review of opportunities, challenges, and future directions for athletes.

    abstract::Integrated technology (IT), which includes accelerometers, global positioning systems (GPSs), and heart rate monitors, has been used frequently in public health. More recently, IT data have been used in sports settings to assess training and performance demands. However, the impact of IT in sports settings is yet to b...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a952fb

    authors: Dellaserra CL,Gao Y,Ransdell L

    更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of low-dose caffeine on perceived pain during a grip to exhaustion task.

    abstract::This double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject experiment examined the effects of low-dose caffeine on pain reported during an exhaustive grip task. The grip task consisted of holding a metal block attached to standard Olympic weight plates with the arm at the side until the participants could no longer maintai...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d9901f

    authors: Bellar D,Kamimori GH,Glickman EL

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of rest interval length on bench press performance with heavy vs. light loads.

    abstract::The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of 3 different rest intervals on multiple sets of the bench press exercise performed with heavy vs. light loads. Sixteen resistance-trained men performed 2 testing sessions each week for 3 weeks. During the first testing session each week, 5 consecutive sets o...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/R-17735.1

    authors: Willardson JM,Burkett LN

    更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00

  • Running Performance, Nationality, Sex, and Age in the 10-km, Half-Marathon, Marathon, and the 100-km Ultramarathon IAAF 1999-2015.

    abstract::Nikolaidis PT, Onywera VO, and Knechtle B. Running performance, nationality, sex, and age in the 10-km, half-marathon, marathon, and the 100-km ultramarathon IAAF 1999-2015. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2189-2207, 2017-The aim of this study was to examine the performance of the world's best runners in the 10-km, half-ma...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001687

    authors: Nikolaidis PT,Onywera VO,Knechtle B

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • The relationships between local muscular endurance and kinematic changes during a run to exhaustion at vVO2max.

    abstract::The relationships between local muscular endurance and kinematic changes during a run to exhaustion at vVo2max. J Strength Cond. Res. 18(4):000-000. 2004.-A recent study suggested that runners who maintain a stable running style are able to run for longer at vVo2max velocity (vVo2max). This may be because of the capac...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/r-13503.1

    authors: Hayes PR,Bowen SJ,Davies EJ

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00

  • Perceived Exertion Is Affected by the Submaximal Set Configuration Used in Resistance Exercise.

    abstract::Mayo, X, Iglesias-Soler, E, and Kingsley, JD. Perceived exertion is affected by the submaximal set configuration used in resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 426-432, 2019-Previously, perceived exertion in submaximal resistance exercise protocols was reported to be affected by the intensity of load followed...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001886

    authors: Mayo X,Iglesias-Soler E,Kingsley JD

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Compression Stockings Used During Two Soccer Matches Improve Perceived Muscle Soreness and High-Intensity Performance.

    abstract::Gimenes, SV, Marocolo, M, Pavin, LN, Pagoto Spigolon, LM, Neto, OB, Côrrea da Silva, BV, Duffield, R, and Ribeiro da Mota, G. Compression stockings used during two soccer matches improve perceived muscle soreness and high-intensity performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-Evidence on the use of compressio...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003048

    authors: Gimenes SV,Marocolo M,Pavin LN,Spigolon LMP,Barbosa Neto O,da Silva BVC,Duffield R,da Mota GR

    更新日期:2019-02-14 00:00:00

  • Influences of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle and Arm Swing on Vertical Jump Performance in Children and Adolescents.

    abstract::Gillen, ZM, Shoemaker, ME, McKay, BD, Bohannon, NA, Gibson, SM, and Cramer, JT. Influences of the stretch-shortening cycle and arm swing on vertical jump performance in children and adolescents. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study compared the influences of the stretch-shortening cycle and arm swing on...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003647

    authors: Gillen ZM,Shoemaker ME,McKay BD,Bohannon NA,Gibson SM,Cramer JT

    更新日期:2020-05-28 00:00:00

  • Effect of forward trunk inclination on joint power output in vertical jumping.

    abstract::It is commonly accepted that vertical jump performance is a good indicator of maximal joint power. Some studies, however, have indicated that knee joint power output in the vertical jump is limited due to forward trunk inclination early in the push-off. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181636c6c

    authors: Vanrenterghem J,Lees A,Clercq DD

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • The Difference Between Exercise-Induced Autonomic and Fitness Changes Measured After 12 and 20 Weeks of Medium-to-High Intensity Military Training.

    abstract::Grant, CC, Mongwe, L, Janse van Rensburg, DC, Fletcher, L, Wood, PS, Terblanche, E, and du Toit, PJ. The difference between exercise-induced autonomic and fitness changes measured after 12 and 20 weeks of medium-to-high intensity military training. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2453-2459, 2016-The aim of this study was t...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1fe46

    authors: Grant CC,Mongwe L,Janse van Rensburg DC,Fletcher L,Wood PS,Terblanche E,du Toit PJ

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Landing Impact Intensities for Jumping Exercises From the OPTIMA-Ex Trial in Trained and Untrained Women.

    abstract::Lambert, C, Beck, BR, and Weeks, BK. Landing impact intensities for jumping exercises from the OPTIMA-Ex trial in trained and untrained women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-High-intensity mechanical loads are required to elicit a positive adaptive bone response. Our aim was to quantify the mechanical loads ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003204

    authors: Lambert C,Beck BR,Weeks BK

    更新日期:2019-08-08 00:00:00

  • An examination of ankle, knee, and hip torque production in individuals with chronic ankle instability.

    abstract::There is some debate in the literature as to whether strength deficits exist at the ankle in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that knee and hip performance is altered in those with CAI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether CAI is asso...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818efbb2

    authors: Gribble PA,Robinson RH

    更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00

  • Influence of compressive gear on powerlifting performance: role of blood flow restriction training.

    abstract::This study investigated the effects of powerlifting gear on training volume and performance, defined by the squat, bench press, and deadlift. Eighteen powerlifters (18-26 years) were randomized into either a group that trained and competed using compressive gear (CG) or without the gear (NON). Training volume, volume ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182510643

    authors: Godawa TM,Credeur DP,Welsch MA

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00