Combined blockade of early and late activated atrial potassium currents suppresses atrial fibrillation in a pig model of obstructive apnea.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Negative tracheal pressure (NTP) during tracheal obstruction in obstructive apnea increases vagal tone and causes pronounced shortening of the atrial effective refractory period (AERP), thereby perpetuating atrial fibrillation (AF). The role of different atrial potassium channels under those conditions has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the atrial effects of blockade of the late activated potassium current (I(Kr)) by sotalol, of blockade of the early activated potassium currents (I(Kur)/I(to)) by AVE0118, and of the multichannel blocker amiodarone during tracheal occlusions with applied NTP. METHODS:Twenty-one pigs were anesthetized, and an endotracheal tube was placed to apply NTP (up to -100 mbar) comparable to clinically observed obstructive sleep apnea for 2 minutes. Right AERP and AF inducibility were measured transvenously by a monophasic action potential recording and stimulation catheter. RESULTS:Tracheal occlusion with applied NTP caused pronounced AERP shortening. AF was inducible during all NTP maneuvers. Blockade of I(Kr) by sotalol, blockade of I(Kur)/I(to) by AVE0118, and amiodarone did not affect NTP-induced AERP shortening, although they prolonged the AERP during normal breathing. Atropine given after amiodarone completely inhibited NTP-induced AERP shortening. The combined blockade of I(Kr) and I(Kur)/I(to) by sotalol plus AVE0118, however, attenuated NTP-induced AERP shortening and AF inducibility independent of the order of administration. CONCLUSION:The atrial proarrhythmic effect of NTP simulating obstructive apneas is difficult to inhibit by class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Neither amiodarone nor blockade of I(Kr) or I(Kur)/I(to) attenuated NTP-induced AERP shortening. However, the combined blockade of I(Kur)/I(to) and I(Kr) suppressed NTP-induced AERP shortening.

journal_name

Heart Rhythm

journal_title

Heart rhythm

authors

Linz D,Schotten U,Neuberger HR,Böhm M,Wirth K

doi

10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.07.018

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1933-9

issue

12

eissn

1547-5271

issn

1556-3871

pii

S1547-5271(11)00830-7

journal_volume

8

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Fatal arrhythmias: Another reason why doctors remain cautious about chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Early during the current coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) received a significant amount of attention as a potential antiviral treatment, such that it became one of the most commonly prescribed medications for COVID-19 patients. However, not only has the effectiveness of HC...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.030

    authors: Uzelac I,Iravanian S,Ashikaga H,Bhatia NK,Herndon C,Kaboudian A,Gumbart JC,Cherry EM,Fenton FH

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Arrhythmogenicity of weight-loss supplements marketed on the Internet.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We examined nonprescription weight-loss supplements marketed on the Internet for ingredients with potential arrhythmogenic and life-threatening cardiac adverse effects. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to define the risks of life-threatening cardiac adverse effects that are associated with weight-loss supplements markete...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.02.021

    authors: Nazeri A,Massumi A,Wilson JM,Frank CM,Bensler M,Cheng J,Saeed M,Rasekh A,Razavi M

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Novel utility of cryoablation for ventricular arrhythmias arising from the left aortic cusp near the left main coronary artery: a case series.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Ablation of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contraction arising at the aortic root has been described. The use of radiofrequency ablation energy has been associated with life-threatening collateral damage. The use of cryoablation as a safer alternative energy source at the aortic root has n...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.10.008

    authors: McDonnell K,Rhee E,Srivathsan K,Su W

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Interatrial conduction can be accurately determined using standard 12-lead electrocardiography: validation of P-wave morphology using electroanatomic mapping in man.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Different P-wave morphologies during sinus rhythm as displayed on standard ECGs have been postulated to correspond to differences in interatrial conduction. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis by comparing P-wave morphologies using left atrial activation maps. METHODS:Twenty-...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.12.017

    authors: Holmqvist F,Husser D,Tapanainen JM,Carlson J,Jurkko R,Xia Y,Havmöller R,Kongstad O,Toivonen L,Olsson SB,Platonov PG

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Application of noninvasive signal-averaged electrocardiogram analysis in predicting the requirement of epicardial ablation in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) provides not only diagnostic information but also the prognostic implication of ablation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to validate the role of SAECG in identifying arrhythmogenic substrates requiring an epicard...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.11.018

    authors: Chung FP,Lin CY,Lin YJ,Chang SL,Lo LW,Hu YF,Tuan TC,Chao TF,Liao JN,Chang TY,Tan VH,Kuo L,Wu CI,Liu CM,Vicera JJB,Chen CC,Chin CG,Liu SH,Cheng WH,Chou CY,Lugtu IC,Liu CH,Chen SA

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Prognostic value of global longitudinal strain in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Myocardial fibrosis (macroscopic scar or diffuse reactive fibrosis) is one of the determinants of impaired left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) in heart failure (HF) patients. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of LV GLS in HF patients treated with car...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.03.034

    authors: Khidir MJH,Abou R,Yilmaz D,Ajmone Marsan N,Delgado V,Bax JJ

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Targeted sequencing in candidate genes for atrial fibrillation: the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Targeted Sequencing Study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common genetic variants that predispose to atrial fibrillation (AF). It is unclear whether rare and low-frequency variants in genes implicated by such GWAS confer additional risk of AF. OBJECTIVE:To study the association of genetic variants with AF at G...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.012

    authors: Lin H,Sinner MF,Brody JA,Arking DE,Lunetta KL,Rienstra M,Lubitz SA,Magnani JW,Sotoodehnia N,McKnight B,McManus DD,Boerwinkle E,Psaty BM,Rotter JI,Bis JC,Gibbs RA,Muzny D,Kovar CL,Morrison AC,Gupta M,Folsom AR,Kä

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Benign clinical significance of J-wave pattern (early repolarization) in highly trained athletes.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:J wave/QRS slurring (early repolarization) on 12-lead ECG has been associated with increased risk for ventricular fibrillation in the absence of cardiovascular (CV) disease. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and clinical significance of J wave/QRS slurring in a large populatio...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.07.042

    authors: Quattrini FM,Pelliccia A,Assorgi R,DiPaolo FM,Squeo MR,Culasso F,Castelli V,Link MS,Maron BJ

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Blood-based 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level: A potential diagnostic biomarker for atrial fibrillation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent research findings have revealed a key role of oxidative DNA damage in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, the circulating oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) may represent a biomarker for staging AF and identifying patients at risk for AF recurrence an...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.09.017

    authors: Li J,Zhang D,Ramos KS,Baks L,Wiersma M,Lanters EAH,Bogers AJJC,de Groot NMS,Brundel BJJM

    更新日期:2020-10-05 00:00:00

  • Wilhelm His Jr. (1863-1934)--the man behind the bundle.

    abstract::Wilhelm His Jr. (1863-1934) was a Swiss-born cardiologist and anatomist. In 1893, he discovered the bundle of His-the specialized tissue in the heart that transmits the electrical impulses and helps synchronize contraction. He pioneered studies in cardiac conduction and coined the term "heart block," which he identifi...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2005.11.020

    authors: Roguin A

    更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00

  • Generator replacement is associated with an increased rate of ICD lead alerts.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Lead malfunction is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). We have shown that the failure of recalled high-voltage leads significantly increases after ICD generator replacement. However, generator replacement has not been recognized as ...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.06.018

    authors: Lovelock JD,Cruz C,Hoskins MH,Jones P,El-Chami MF,Lloyd MS,Leon A,DeLurgio DB,Langberg JJ

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • Human KCNQ1 S140G mutation is associated with atrioventricular blocks.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We recently reported that an S140G mutation in human KCNQ1, an alpha subunit of potassium channels, was involved in the pathogenesis of familial atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is not clear whether the mutation is associated with other cardiac arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to further...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.01.029

    authors: Yang Y,Liu Y,Dong X,Kuang Y,Lin J,Su X,Peng L,Jin Q,He Y,Liu B,Pan Z,Li L,Zhu Q,Lin X,Zhou Q,Pan Q,Eurlings PM,Fei J,Wang Z,Chen YH

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Pathophysiologic basis of autonomic ganglionated plexus ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.

    abstract::The intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ganglionated plexuses [GP]) plays a significant role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) in both experimental models and AF patients. Left atrial GP, located in epicardial fat pads and the ligament of Marshall, contain afferent neurons from the ...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.07.029

    authors: Nakagawa H,Scherlag BJ,Patterson E,Ikeda A,Lockwood D,Jackman WM

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Antiarrhythmic effects of interleukin 1 inhibition after myocardial infarction.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a key regulator of the inflammatory response after myocardial infarction (MI) by modulating immune cell recruitment, cytokine production, and extracellular matrix turnover. Elevated levels of IL-1β are associated with adverse remodeling, and inhibition of IL-1 signaling after MI res...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.027

    authors: De Jesus NM,Wang L,Lai J,Rigor RR,Francis Stuart SD,Bers DM,Lindsey ML,Ripplinger CM

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • Arrhythmogenic mechanisms of the Purkinje system during electric shocks: a modeling study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The function of the Purkinje system (PS) is to ensure fast and uniform activation of the heart. Although this vital role during sinus rhythm is well understood, this is not the case when shocks are applied to the heart, especially in the case of failed defibrillation. The PS activates differently from the my...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.08.023

    authors: Deo M,Boyle P,Plank G,Vigmond E

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Endocardial (Watchman) vs epicardial (Lariat) left atrial appendage exclusion devices: Understanding the differences in the location and type of leaks and their clinical implications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Watchman and Lariat left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion devices are associated with LAA leaks postdeployment. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence, characteristics, and clinical significance of these leaks. METHODS:We performed a multicenter prospective observational study of ...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.020

    authors: Pillarisetti J,Reddy YM,Gunda S,Swarup V,Lee R,Rasekh A,Horton R,Massumi A,Cheng J,Bartus K,Badhwar N,Han F,Atkins D,Bommana S,Earnest M,Nath J,Ferrell R,Bormann S,Dawn B,Di Biase L,Mansour M,Natale A,Lakkired

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of spatial resolution and filtering on mapping cardiac fibrillation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Endocardial mapping tools use variable interelectrode resolution, whereas body surface mapping tools use narrow bandpass filtering (BPF) to map fibrillatory mechanisms established by high-resolution optical imaging. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to study the effect of resolution and BPF on the und...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.023

    authors: King B,Porta-Sánchez A,Massé S,Zamiri N,Balasundaram K,Kusha M,Jackson N,Haldar S,Umapathy K,Nanthakumar K

    更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • Antitachycardia pacing for reduction of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks.

    abstract::Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) strategies represent safe, effective, and painless therapy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias, with a large body of clinical evidence supporting their routine use in both primary and secondary implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients. This article details the evidence supporting the...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.02.024

    authors: Cantillon DJ,Wilkoff BL

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Minimally invasive percutaneous pericardial ICD placement in an infant piglet model: Head-to-head comparison with an open surgical thoracotomy approach.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Epicardial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement in infants, children, and patients with complex cardiac anatomy requires an open surgical thoracotomy and is associated with increased pain, longer length of stay, and higher cost. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to compare an open su...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.12.015

    authors: Clark BC,Davis TD,El-Sayed Ahmed MM,McCarter R,Ishibashi N,Jordan CP,Kane TD,Kim PCW,Krieger A,Nath DS,Opfermann JD,Berul CI

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • Optimizing cardiac resynchronization therapy to minimize ATP consumption heterogeneity throughout the left ventricle: a simulation analysis using a canine heart failure model.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been demonstrated to lead to restoration of oxygen consumption homogeneity throughout the left ventricle (LV), which is important for long-term reverse remodeling of the ventricles. However, research has focused exclusively on identifying the LV pacing sites that l...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.03.021

    authors: Hu Y,Gurev V,Constantino J,Trayanova N

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Atrial Fibrillation is an Independent Predictor for In-hospital Mortality in Patients Admitted with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most encountered arrhythmia and has been associated with worse in-hospital outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence of AF among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 as well as its impact on in-hospital mortality. METHODS:Patients hospitalized with a positive COVID-19 po...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.01.018

    authors: Mountantonakis SE,Saleh M,Fishbein J,Gandomi A,Lesser M,Chelico J,Gabriels J,Qiu M,Epstein LM,Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium.

    更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00

  • Sinus rhythm R-wave amplitude as a predictor of ventricular fibrillation undersensing in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is induced during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation to ensure that the ICD will sense, detect, and defibrillate VF. ICD implant guidelines state that the amplitude of the sinus rhythm R wave recorded from the ventricular electrogram should have amplitude ...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.08.012

    authors: Ruetz LL,Koehler JL,Brown ML,Jackson TE,Belk P,Swerdlow CD

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • Catheter ablation of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia: ten-year trends in utilization, in-hospital complications, and in-hospital mortality in the United States.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a paucity of data regarding the complications and in-hospital mortality after catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with ischemic heart disease. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal trends in utilization, in-hospital mortality, and complications...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.07.012

    authors: Palaniswamy C,Kolte D,Harikrishnan P,Khera S,Aronow WS,Mujib M,Mellana WM,Eugenio P,Lessner S,Ferrick A,Fonarow GC,Ahmed A,Cooper HA,Frishman WH,Panza JA,Iwai S

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Of founder populations, long QT syndrome, and destiny.

    abstract::Founder populations, characterized by a single ancestor affected by long QT syndrome (LQTS) and by a large number of individuals and families who all are related to the ancestor and thereby carry the same disease-causing mutation, represent the ideal human model for studying the role of "modifier genes" in LQTS. This ...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.08.036

    authors: Brink PA,Schwartz PJ

    更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00

  • Automated external defibrillator rescues among children with diagnosed and treated long QT syndrome.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially lethal yet highly treatable cardiac channelopathy. A comprehensive LQTS-directed treatment program often includes an automated external defibrillator (AED). OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of AED rescues among children evaluated, ri...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.01.002

    authors: Pundi KN,Bos JM,Cannon BC,Ackerman MJ

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • No decline in the risk of heart failure after incident atrial fibrillation: A community study assessing trends overall and by ejection fraction.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience an increased risk of heart failure (HF). However, data are lacking on current trends in the risk of HF after AF. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to describe the temporal trends in HF occurrence after AF in a community cohort of patients with incident...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.031

    authors: Chamberlain AM,Gersh BJ,Alonso A,Kopecky SL,Killian JM,Weston SA,Roger VL

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Characterization and predictors of first and subsequent inappropriate ICD therapy by heart rate ranges: Result of the MADIT-RIT efficacy analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Data on inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy and effects of programming by heart rate are lacking. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to characterize inappropriate ICD therapy and assess the effects of novel programming by heart rate. METHODS:Incidence and causes of inappropriate therapy by h...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.05.021

    authors: Kutyifa V,Daubert JP,Olshansky B,Huang DT,Zhang C,Ruwald AC,McNitt S,Zareba W,Moss AJ,Schuger C

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Autonomic regulation therapy suppresses quantitative T-wave alternans and improves baroreflex sensitivity in patients with heart failure enrolled in the ANTHEM-HF study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Autonomic regulation therapy (ART) with chronic vagus nerve stimulation improves ventricular function in patients with chronic heart failure, but its effects on quantitative T-wave alternans (TWA), ventricular tachycardia (VT), baroreflex sensitivity, and autonomic tone remained unknown. OBJECTIVE:Effects o...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.11.030

    authors: Libbus I,Nearing BD,Amurthur B,KenKnight BH,Verrier RL

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Outcomes of nonpharmacologic treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Limited data exist regarding the outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) surgery and catheter ablation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nonpharmacologic treatment of AF in HCM. METHODS:One hundred forty-seven pati...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.042

    authors: Bassiouny M,Lindsay BD,Lever H,Saliba W,Klein A,Banna M,Abraham J,Shao M,Rickard J,Kanj M,Tchou P,Dresing T,Baranowski B,Bhargava M,Callahan T,Tarakji K,Cantillon D,Hussein A,Marc Gillinov A,Smedira NG,Wazni O

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation under therapeutic international normalized ratio: a safe and efficacious periprocedural anticoagulation strategy.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The best periprocedural anticoagulation strategy at the time of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is not known. Most centers stop administering warfarin (Coumadin) and use bridging with heparin or enoxaparin. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PVI under therapeutic i...

    journal_title:Heart rhythm

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.07.007

    authors: Hussein AA,Martin DO,Saliba W,Patel D,Karim S,Batal O,Banna M,Williams-Andrews M,Sherman M,Kanj M,Bhargava M,Dresing T,Callahan T,Tchou P,Di Biase L,Beheiry S,Lindsay B,Natale A,Wazni O

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00