Abstract：
:The resurgence of the use of and interest in vancomycin, in conjunction with the high degree of interpatient variability in its pharmacokinetic profile, has prompted the development of many and varied dosing methods. Several dosing nomograms have been proposed and evaluated, methods which are useful for initial dosing but do not allow for individualisation of dosage. Given these constraints, several investigators have attempted to apply conventional least-squares regression techniques and, more recently, Bayesian methodologies using either 1- or 2-compartment pharmacokinetic models. Comparative information evaluating algorithmic methods demonstrates that those of Moellering and Lake offer the least biased and most precise predictions of vancomycin dosage. Patient individualisation using conventional least-squares methodology offers some improvement over nomogram-based methods, both in predictive performance and in dosage adjustment once serum concentration data are available. Overall, the latest data indicate that regimens which incorporate Bayesian principles tend to give better results than nomogram-based or conventional least-squares dosing methods for this drug. Despite the advances in methods for dosing vancomycin, several questions remain to be answered. A lack of convincing evidence of a correlation between serum concentrations and therapeutic outcome has prompted debate over the need for serum concentration monitoring and, if it is needed, over which patient population would most benefit. Secondly, little comparative information is currently available as to the dosing of vancomycin in paediatric and neonatal patient populations. Several nomograms for initial dosing have been proposed, but only 2 have been subject to subsequent testing. Finally, information regarding cost-effectiveness and the quality of patient outcome is lacking from the current literature.
journal_name
Clin Pharmacokinetjournal_title
Clinical pharmacokineticsauthors
Pryka RD,Rodvold KA,Erdman SMdoi
10.2165/00003088-199120060-00003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-06-01 00:00:00pages
463-76issue
6eissn
0312-5963issn
1179-1926journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this analysis was to simulate the performance of oral triptan formulations with varying absorption characteristics and their impact on the onset and magnitude of the antimigraine effect using a Markov model for migraine attacks. ANALYSIS:Sumatriptan pharmacokinetic data were obtained from cl...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-200847020-00007
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The likelihood of detecting a therapeutic signal of an effective drug for schizophrenia is impeded by a high placebo effect and by high dropout of patients. Several unsuccessful trials of schizophrenia, at least partly due to highly variable placebo effects, have indicated the necessity for a ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/11598460-000000000-00000
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The disposition of simeprevir (SMV) in humans is characterised by cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism and hepatic uptake by organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1/3 (OATP1B1/3). This study was designed to investigate SMV plasma and liver exposure upon oral administration in subjects infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-016-0476-2
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of cilostazol administration on warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following a single 25 mg dose of warfarin. DESIGN:A randomised double-blind 2-period crossover with healthy volunteers receiving either 100 mg cilostazol twice daily for 13 days or matching placebo twice dai...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2165/00003088-199937002-00009
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative bioavailability of a single oral dose of temafloxacin given with and without enteral feeding was determined in 18 healthy male volunteers in a randomised crossover study. Subjects were administered 600mg of temafloxacin orally as an intact tablet, or a crushed tablet suspended in water administered throug...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2165/00003088-199200221-00008
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vigabatrin is a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is supplied as a racemic mixture, with the S(+) enantiomer possessing pharmacological activity. [R,S]-Vigabatrin plasma concentrations can be estimated using high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Only g...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199223040-00003
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection and the extent of liver fibrosis on lopinavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients without liver function impairment. METHODS:Cross-sectional, comparative study enrolling HIV-infected adults receiving lopinavir/rito...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-200746010-00005
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The half-life and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of antipyrine and phenytoin were determined in 14 young (mean age: 28.8 +/- 8.3 (SD) years] and in 14 elderly [mean age: 83.5 +/- 7.1 (SD) years] subjects and correlated with liver volume, which was determined by ultrasonic scanning, to see if an age-dependent differenc...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-198106050-00005
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines emphasize the need for better understanding of the influence of ethnicity on drug response to minimize duplication of clinical studies, thereby expediting drug approval. OBJ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-013-0089-y
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Creatine is a nonessential dietary component that, when supplemented in the diet, has shown physiological benefits in athletes, in animal-based models of disease and in patients with various muscle, neurological and neuromuscular disease. The clinical relevance of creatine supplementation is based primarily on its rol...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-200342060-00005
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to concern and debate in the epilepsy medical community and to the current interest of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in revising approaches to the approval of generic drugs, the FDA is currently supporting ongoing bioequivalence studies of antiepileptic drugs, the EQUIGEN studies. During the design of ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-013-0103-4
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although individualised antihypertensive therapy is widely recommended, prospective methods for optimising treatment are hampered by the paucity of basic information about dose-plasma concentration-response relationships for commonly used drugs. Concentration-effect analysis has been applied to a number of therapeutic...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199426060-00005
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbamazepine is one of the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs and is also used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and psychiatric disorders, particularly bipolar depression. Because of its widespread and long term use, carbamazepine is frequently prescribed in combination with other drugs, leading to ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199631030-00004
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Daclatasvir is a potent, pangenotypic once-daily hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. The objective of this analysis was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir in subjects with chronic HCV infection. METHODS:A populati...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-016-0504-2
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Taurolidine is known to have antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, at lower concentrations, it has been found to exert a selective antineoplastic effect in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of taurolidine in vivo following repeated intravenous infus...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-200746060-00005
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Imeglimin (IMEG) is the first in a novel class of oral glucose-lowering agents with a unique mechanism of action targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics. We assessed whether repeated co-administration of IMEG and either metformin (MET) or sitagliptin (SITA) would influence the pharmacokinetics o...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-020-00886-y
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aminoglycoside antibiotics are very important in the treatment of Gram-negative infections and as synergistic agents for the treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal (group B streptococci and enterococci) infections. However, these agents have a narrow therapeutic index. Thus, a number of new antibiotics have bee...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199426010-00006
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vedolizumab is a humanized anti-α4β7 integrin monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks trafficking of memory T cells to inflamed gut tissue by inhibiting the α4β7-mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) interaction. Approved for treating patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40262-017-0546-0
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a powerful tool used to characterize maturational changes in drug disposition to inform dosing across childhood; however, its use is limited in pediatric drug development. Access to pediatric pharmacokinetic data is a barrier to widespread application of this mo...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-017-0525-5
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy is particularly challenging in that the fetal and maternal risks associated with maternal seizures need to be balanced against the potential teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Pregnancy is known to affect the pharmacokinetics of older-generation AEDs. Understandin...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-200746030-00002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:NXY-059 (disufenton sodium, Cerovive, a nitrone with neuroprotective and free radical trapping properties (in experimental stroke) is under development for the treatment of acute stroke. The objectives of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for NXY-059 in acute stroke...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.2165/00003088-200544080-00007
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Duloxetine, a selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has been approved since 2004 for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). It is currently not approved for use in pediatric patients (aged <18 years) with MDD. The clinical development program ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-014-0149-y
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:From a previously validated paediatric population pharmacokinetic model, it was derived that non-linear morphine maintenance doses of 5 μg/kg(1.5)/h, with a 50 % dose reduction in neonates with a postnatal age (PNA) <10 days, yield similar morphine and metabolite concentrations across patients...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s40262-014-0135-4
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since up to 90% of a theophylline dose is biotransformed, drugs influencing microsomal enzyme systems in the liver may affect the elimination of theophylline. Other integrated mechanisms (e.g. hepatic uptake) may also be altered by concurrent administration of other drugs. Whatever the mechanism, the interaction may b...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-198409040-00002
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Renal impairment may have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Ad hoc studies in subjects with renal impairment are required by the regulatory authorities to propose dose adjustments in these subjects, to find a dosing regimen able to provide a systemic exposure similar to those in subjec...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-017-0574-9
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modifications to bodily functions and physiology are known to occur with age. These changes can have a considerable impact on the pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and the pharmacodynamic properties of administered drugs. For many drugs with a high therapeutic index, this ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-200342140-00003
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-molecular-weight heparins are anticoagulants used in the treatment of thrombosis. They have effectiveness and safety profiles similar to those of unfractionated heparin but are considered an attractive alternative because of their predictable pharmacokinetic characteristics. In this article, we demonstrate the nee...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/11532960-000000000-00000
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for topical ophthalmic application. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma to lower the intraocular pressure. After absorption via the cornea and stroma, it inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary process, which leads to a reduction of aqueous humour production and the...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-200241030-00004
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:This analysis used a population pharmacokinetic approach to identify covariates that influence plasma exposure of liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for weight management in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS:Samples for pharmacokinetic anal...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s40262-016-0410-7
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to recent clinical consensus, pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is, or should be, personalized medicine. IBD treatment is complex, with highly different treatment classes and relatively few data on treatment strategy. Although thorough evidence-based international IBD guidelines currently e...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40262-018-0639-4
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
