Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of newer antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and the puerperium.

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Oral levodopa-carbidopa (LC-oral) treatment in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor complications due to large fluctuations in levodopa plasma concentrations. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) provides individualized continuous levodopa-carbidopa delivery through in...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Othman AA,Chatamra K,Mohamed ME,Dutta S,Benesh J,Yanagawa M,Nagai M

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid drug delivery (arterial "boli') and high drug concentrations occur with nicotine inhaled in smoke. These are believed to be key elements in producing addiction to cigarettes. Preparations which reduce the rate of delivery and/or concentration of nicotine have been introduced as treatments for smoking cessation. ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Schneider NG,Lunell E,Olmstead RE,Fagerström KO

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Milrinone is the drug of choice for the treatment and prevention of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in paediatric patients after open heart surgery across Europe. Discrepancies, however, among prescribing guidance, clinical studies and practice pattern require clarification to ensure safe an...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Vogt W

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for topical ophthalmic application. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma to lower the intraocular pressure. After absorption via the cornea and stroma, it inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary process, which leads to a reduction of aqueous humour production and the...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Martens-Lobenhoffer J,Banditt P

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite contributing significantly to the burden of global disease, the translation of new treatment strategies for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) from animals to humans remains challenging, with a high attrition rate in the development of CNS drugs. The failure of clinical trials for CNS therapies can b...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Srinivas N,Maffuid K,Kashuba ADM

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-drug, drug-formulation and drug-meal interactions are of clinical concern for orally administered drugs that possess a narrow therapeutic index. This review presents the current status of information regarding interactions which may influence the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of orally administered drugs. Abso...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Fleisher D,Li C,Zhou Y,Pao LH,Karim A

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of liver disease on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are highly variable, and difficult to predict as the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. Since the majority of the published literature is concerned with cirrhotic liver disease, this review also focuses mainly on this area. Four di...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Morgan DJ,McLean AJ

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The half-life and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of antipyrine and phenytoin were determined in 14 young (mean age: 28.8 +/- 8.3 (SD) years] and in 14 elderly [mean age: 83.5 +/- 7.1 (SD) years] subjects and correlated with liver volume, which was determined by ultrasonic scanning, to see if an age-dependent differenc...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Bach B,Hansen JM,Kampmann JP,Rasmussen SN,Skovsted L

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a biguanide developed from galegine, a guanidine derivative found in Galega officinalis (French lilac). Chemically, it is a hydrophilic base which exists at physiological pH as the cationic species (>99.9%). Consequently, its passive diffusi...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Graham GG,Punt J,Arora M,Day RO,Doogue MP,Duong JK,Furlong TJ,Greenfield JR,Greenup LC,Kirkpatrick CM,Ray JE,Timmins P,Williams KM

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular pharmacokinetics of the different classes of antimicrobials into surrogate markers of tissue accumulation (alveolar macrophages and/or total alveolar cells collected by means of bronchoalveolar lavage or peripheral white blood cells) was reviewed. The aim of this review was to discuss the clinical im...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Pea F

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Part I of this article, which appeared in the previous issue of the Journal, covered the following agents: histamine H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine); muscarinic-M1-receptor antagonists (pirenzepine); proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole); site-protective agents (colloidal bismuth...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Lauritsen K,Laursen LS,Rask-Madsen J

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Vicriviroc is a small-molecule CCR5 antagonist currently in development for the treatment of HIV in patients on a regimen containing a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor. As renal disease and renal dysfunction are prevalent in the HIV-infected population, patients with varying degrees of rena...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Kasserra C,Sansone-Parsons A,Keung A,Tetteh E,Assaf M,O'Mara E,Marbury T

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haloperidol has been used extensively for the treatment of psychotic disorders, and it has been suggested that the monitoring of plasma haloperidol concentration is clinically useful. Different assay methodologies have been used in research and clinical practice to examine the relationship between response and plasma ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Froemming JS,Lam YW,Jann MW,Davis CM

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the dose proportionality and linearity and pharmacokinetic profile of desloratadine after single oral doses over the range of 5 to 20mg. DESIGN:Single centre, randomised, open-label, 4-way crossover study in which healthy adults received single doses of desloratadine (5, 7.5, 10 and 20mg) in 4 di...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Gupta S,Banfield C,Affrime M,Marco A,Cayen M,Herron J,Padhi D

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasma protein binding of drugs, particularly those that are highly bound, may have significant clinical implications. Although protein binding is a major determinant of drug action, it is only one of a myriad of factors that influence drug disposition. The extent of protein binding is a function of drug and prote...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Grandison MK,Boudinot FD

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The elderly are generally considered to be different from young people in terms of drug response and this applies particularly to quantitative differences. While altered drug handling is a major potential source of difference in responsiveness to drugs, the relative contribution of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Crooks J,O'Malley K,Stevenson IH

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fondaparinux sodium is a novel antithrombotic agent, the first of a new class of selective factor Xa inhibitors. It has favourable pharmacokinetics including 100% bioavailability, low variability and a mean terminal half-life of 17 hours for young and 21 hours for elderly healthy volunteers, enabling once-da...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Paolucci F,Claviés MC,Donat F,Necciari J

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adequate immunosuppression minimising the risk of organ rejection with acceptable tolerability of the used drugs is a crucial step in organ transplantation. The primary goal is to maintain a consistent time-dependent target concentration by tailoring individual dosage leading to the best efficacy and tolerability comb...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Mourad M,Wallemacq P,König J,de Frahan EH,Eddour DC,De Meyer M,Malaise J,Squifflet JP

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its discovery in 1970, and introduction into clinical practice in 1978, cyclosporin has become the most important immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection. This has been achieved by virtue of the improved graft survival rates and adverse effect profiles in patients when compared with tha...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Jones TE

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection and the extent of liver fibrosis on lopinavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients without liver function impairment. METHODS:Cross-sectional, comparative study enrolling HIV-infected adults receiving lopinavir/rito...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Moltó J,Valle M,Blanco A,Negredo E,DelaVarga M,Miranda C,Miranda J,Domingo P,Vilaró J,Tural C,Costa J,Barbanoj MJ,Clotet B

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Clearance is an important pharmacokinetic concept for scaling dosage, understanding the risks of drug-drug interactions and environmental risk assessment in children. Accurate clearance scaling to children requires prior knowledge of adult clearance mechanisms and the age-dependence of physiolo...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Edginton AN,Schmitt W,Voith B,Willmann S

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For propofol clearance, allometric scaling has been applied successfully for extrapolations between species (rats and humans) and within the human bodyweight range (children and adults). In this analysis, the human bodyweight range is explored to determine for which range an allometric model with a fixed or estimated ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Peeters MY,Allegaert K,Blussé van Oud-Alblas HJ,Cella M,Tibboel D,Danhof M,Knibbe CA

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of concomitant administration of dairy products on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of moxifloxacin. DESIGN:This was a single-centre, randomised, controlled, nonblinded, 2-way crossover study in healthy volunteers. PARTICIPANTS:12 healthy men (aged 25 to 46 years) were enrolle...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Stass H,Kubitza D

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The likelihood of detecting a therapeutic signal of an effective drug for schizophrenia is impeded by a high placebo effect and by high dropout of patients. Several unsuccessful trials of schizophrenia, at least partly due to highly variable placebo effects, have indicated the necessity for a ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Pilla Reddy V,Kozielska M,Johnson M,Suleiman AA,Vermeulen A,Liu J,de Greef R,Groothuis GM,Danhof M,Proost JH

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) increases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by decreasing expression of the LDL receptor on hepatic cells. Evolocumab is a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 that binds specifically to human PCSK9 to reduce LDL-C. Evolocumab exhibits nonlinear kine...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Kasichayanula S,Grover A,Emery MG,Gibbs MA,Somaratne R,Wasserman SM,Gibbs JP

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pegfilgrastim is a sustained-duration form of filgrastim, a recombinant methionyl form of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), to which a 20  kDa polyethylene glycol molecule is covalently bound to the N-terminal methionine residue. Similar to filgrastim, pegfilgrastim increases the proliferation and d...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Yang BB,Kido A

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Although amikacin is primarily eliminated via glomerular filtration, drug concentrations are not consistently predicted in all patients. To better describe the relationship between amikacin clearance and both age and renal function, we used a new heuristic approach involving statistical analysis of dependence...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Ducher M,Maire P,Cerutti C,Bourhis Y,Foltz F,Sorensen P,Jelliffe R,Fauvel JP

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reducing the dose of efavirenz can improve safety, reduce costs, and increase access for patients with HIV infection. According to the World Health Organization, a similar dosing strategy for all patient populations is desirable for universal roll-out; however, it remains unknown whether the 400 mg daily dos...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Schalkwijk S,Ter Heine R,Colbers AC,Huitema ADR,Denti P,Dooley KE,Capparelli E,Best BM,Cressey TR,Greupink R,Russel FGM,Mirochnick M,Burger DM

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of a new multiple-dose non-linear regression analysis program to predict steady-state aminoglycoside peak and trough serum concentrations was evaluated. 30 patients receiving either amikacin (7), gentamicin (10) or tobramycin (13) were studied. A standard method of prediction which requires the collection ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Koup JR,Killen T,Bauer LA

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is associated with physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs. Vancomycin and the aminoglycosides are the only antibacterials that have been extensively investigated in the obese population. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and total body clearance of vancomycin a...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Bearden DT,Rodvold KA

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00