Abstract:
:Recently, data on exposures of humans as well as animals to fission products in plumes emitted by underground Soviet tests have been declassified by the Khazakhstan government and published in English. Similar human intakes of gross fission product mixtures that caused acute prodromal symptoms have not been previously reported. Animal experiments with such complex mixtures have not received sufficient support to provide data that could be reliably extrapolated with dose-response models to humans for use in triage of internally exposed persons. This commentary compares some of the acute prodromal effects on humans from the recently released Soviet data with the estimates of Cowan and Kuper, and later estimates by Brodsky and colleagues. The latter estimates are concluded to be safer, and more easily adaptable, for use in triage of persons exposed to internal deposition of fission products of various mixtures.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Brodsky A,Reeves Gdoi
10.1097/01.HP.0000326453.18919.e2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-4issue
1eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159pii
00004032-200901000-00001journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::The materials cycle for (137)Cs, a low-level radioactive material of interest from a security perspective (as a possible source for "dirty bombs") as well as for its extensive industrial and medical uses, has been characterized for the United States for the year 2000. The focus is on products utilizing the isotope rat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000185579.20291.8f
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a series of daily measurements of 125I in the drinking water of North Surrey, England, from November 1988 through May 1990, the accumulated activities in the thyroids of adults drinking such water were calculated on the assumption that the fraction of ingested iodine taken up by the thyroid was f = 0.3 and the t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199212000-00010
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radiation safety implications following the administration of 131I for the treatment of Grave's disease to a patient undergoing home-based renal dialysis was investigated. External dose-rate measurements from the patient revealed a peak value at around day 2, post administration. The effective half-life was determ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000221448.21938.36
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simultaneous detection of gross alpha and beta radioactivity was studied using gas proportional counting. This measurement is a part of a method mandated by US Environmental Protection Agency to screen for alpha and beta radioactivity in drinking water. Responses of a gas proportional detector to alpha and beta part...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200111000-00011
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indoor 222Rn in high-rise buildings originates inside the building materials, then diffuses gradually through the intergranular spaces of the material into the room atmosphere. Therefore, the radionuclide contents and the physical properties of the building materials are important for indoor 222Rn levels in Hong Kong....
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199410000-00008
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight of the most severe cases of acute radiation disease (ARS) known to have occurred in humans (as the result of criticality accidents) had survival times less than 120 h (herein defined as "early death"). These accidents were analyzed and are discussed with respect to the specific accident scenarios and the resulti...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31823b4b78
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Published in December 2014, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report No. 175, Decision Making for Late-Phase Recovery from Major Nuclear or Radiological Incidents, emphasizes the importance of local, state, and national plans addressing late-phase issues and decision-making processes concurrent...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000784
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes an investigation into the distribution of radiation doses to workers, undertaken at the request of ICRP Committee 4. Three main questions are considered. Firstly, the distribution of annual doses to workers is described. Doses are generally well below the ICRP dose limits and most are below 15 mSv...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198611000-00002
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was done to provide data useful for predicting the deposition, retention and radiation dose patterns for humans who might be exposed to an aerosol containing 106RuO4 and respirable particles. Ruthenium-106 tetroxide was introduced into air containing inert particles. The inert particles were monodisperse. 0...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198304000-00003
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of systematic long-term measurements of 90Sr and 137Cs in surface seawater, performed at four locations along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea, are summarized. Observed trends in annual mean activity concentrations are discussed. 90Sr and 137Cs fallout activities affect seawater activity, the coefficient...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199302000-00006
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least 350,000 workers at U.S. radiation facilities are being followed up to monitor their mortality experience, with particular reference to cancer. Although these studies are expensive, they are needed from the standpoint of public health and radiation protection; they also provide a useful check that the risk ext...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199007000-00007
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports measurements of the skin surface temperature elevations during localized irradiation (94 GHz) of three species: rat (irradiated on lower abdomen), rhesus monkey (posterior forelimb), and human (posterior forearm). Two exposure conditions were examined: prolonged, low power density microwaves (LPM) a...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200305000-00006
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 380 Chinese adults of both sexes were studied for their total body K and 40K using the National Tsing Hua University whole-body counter. The K values were found to have an average of 1.75 +/- 0.4 g K kg-1 body weight for males and 1.41 +/- 0.1 g K kg-1 body weight for females. The average K value for both se...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198911000-00006
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation is a known and well-quantified human cancer risk factor, based on a remarkably consistent body of information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations. Typical examples of risk estimation include use of Japanese atomic bomb survivor data to estimate future risk from radiation-related canc...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181b1871b
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was motivated by the efforts to evaluate radiation risk for leukemia incidence in the Techa River cohort, where the main bone marrow dose contributors were Sr (bone-seeking beta emitters). Energy deposition in bone marrow targets was evaluated by simulating radiation particle transport using computational p...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001127
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ISABELLE is a high-intensity 400-GeV proton-storage ring under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The radiation-protection problems encountered in its design are in many ways similar to those at high-energy fixed-target facilities: both the laboratory personnel nearby and the public several kilomete...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198401000-00010
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of the aerosol sampling inside the Object Shelter at the Chornobyl nuclear reactor site are considered in the work. The results show a consistent and significant contribution of submicron fraction to the total aerosol activity. Different methods of interpretation of impactor data series are compared in order t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200108000-00005
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) has been regarded as the gold standard of radiation biodosimetry. The assay, however, requires a 2-d peripheral blood lymphocyte culture before starting metaphase chromosome analyses to estimate biological doses. Other biological assays also have drawbacks with respect to the time ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000182
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of 222Rn levels in 453 houses of physics professors from 101 universities in 42 states (plus the District of Columbia) was carried out with 1-y exposures of nuclear track detectors, accompanied by an extensive questionnaire. The geometric mean concentration was 38 Bq/m3 (1.03 pCi/l), the standard deviation wa...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198608000-00002
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operational radiation protection issues associated with the Z-Machine accelerator located at Sandia National Laboratories are large: a variety of materials can be placed into the machine; these materials can be subjected to a variety of nuclear reactions, producing a variety of activation products. Without full un...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000253937.78314.e6
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is pointed out that induction of lung cancer by exposure to Rn daughters, applied at high doses to miners and at low doses to exposures in homes, provides a very stringent and sensitive test of the linear, no-threshold dose-response relationship for high-LET radiation, because this relationship predicts that a subs...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198705000-00015
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a radiation emergency, evacuated, sheltered or other members of the public would require monitoring for external and/or internal contamination and, if indicated, decontamination. In addition, the potentially-impacted population would be identified for biodosimetry/bioassay or needed medical treatment (chelat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31821dd9a2
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A database of soil-to-plant transfer factors for radiocesium and radiostrontium has been compiled for arable crops from published and unpublished sources. The database is more extensive than previous compilations of data published by the International Union of Radioecologists, containing new information for Scandinavi...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200003000-00005
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lifetime follow-up of USTUR Case 246 demonstrated the lack of severe biological effects resulting from his exposure to 241Am. Deterministic effects observed were limited to hematological changes, including lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. These hematological changes were consistent with those observed in experimental...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199509000-00005
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to assess the lung cancer risk induced by exposures to radon progeny of people living in some areas of Transylvania, Romania. Indoor radon concentrations were measured in 667 dwellings of Stei area, Cluj, Bistrita-Nasaud, Sibiu, and Alba counties. Measurements were performed usin...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181c03cde
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 30 y, the numbers and types of fluoroscopically-guided (FG) procedures have increased dramatically. The objective of the present study is to provide estimated radiation doses to physician specialists, other than cardiologists, who perform FG procedures. The authors searched Medline to identify English-lang...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824dae76
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plane shields made of Pb with a water tank behind them were irradiated by 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung. The longitudinal distribution of the absorbed dose in water was measured using a scintillation counter. The results are compared with Monte Carlo calculations and published depth dose tables. ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198707000-00007
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Western Canada, there are many plants that process natural gas to remove impurities (CO2, H2S, H2O) and recover natural gas liquids (propane, butane, etc.). Trace quantities of 222Rn present in the inlet stream are concentrated in streams rich with propane. Potential hazards to plant operators include direct inhala...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199007000-00016
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal absorption of 99mTc given as pertechnetate (TcO4-) was studied in female goats and swine. In goats given TcO4- orally, only a small fraction of the given radioactivity was found in milk (x = 0.1% of dose) and urine (x = 1.2% of dose). These figures were not substantially changed by pre-treatment with I....
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198908000-00012
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beagle dogs were given subcutaneous implants of plutonium in their forepaws to mimic hand wounds received by workers accidentally contaminated with plutonium. Ten dogs received 9.46 +/- 0.43 mu Ci of plutonium oxide, and eight dogs received 1.25 +/- 0.60 mu Ci of plutonium nitrate. Surviving dogs were sacrificed at 8 ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198407000-00006
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00