Abstract：
:Prostate cancer is a highly heterogenous disease in which a patient-tailored care program is much desired. Central to this goal is the development of novel targeted pharmacological interventions. To develop these treatment strategies, an understanding of the integration of cellular pathways involved in both tumorigenesis and tumor suppression is crucial. Of further interest are the events elicited by drug treatments that exploit the underlying molecular pathology in cancer. This review briefly describes the evidence that suggests integration of three established pathways: the tumorigenic phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, the tumor suppressive phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 pathway, and the tumor suppressive transforming growth factor-beta pathway. More importantly, we discuss novel pharmaceutical agents that target key points of integration in these three pathways. These new therapeutic strategies include the use of agents that target iron to inhibit proliferation via multiple mechanisms and suppression of AKT by cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha inhibitors.
journal_name
Mol Pharmacoljournal_title
Molecular pharmacologyauthors
Assinder SJ,Dong Q,Mangs H,Richardson DRdoi
10.1124/mol.108.053066subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
429-36issue
3eissn
0026-895Xissn
1521-0111pii
mol.108.053066journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The presence and properties of the Ah receptor were examined in the guinea pig, rat, hamster, monkey, and three different strains of mice. These species and strains have demonstrated differences in sensitivity and variability of response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds. All species examine...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroactive steroids bind to a unique site on the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor complex and allosterically modulate the binding of convulsant ([35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate, [35S]TBPS), GABA ([3H]muscimol), and benzodiazepine ([3H]flunitrazepam) site ligands. In rat cortical membranes, 3 alpha-hydro...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid drugs, such as morphine, and the endogenous opioid peptides, namely the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins, exert a wide spectrum of physiological and behavioral effects, including effects on pain perception, mood, motor control, and autonomic functions. These effects are mediated via membrane-bound recept...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) from canine trachealis were characterized with respect to their kinetic properties, sensitivity to selective inhibitors, and subcellular distribution. Extracts from whole tissue homogenates were applied to DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange columns and eluted with a linear sodium...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors consists of glutamate delta-1 (GluD1) and glutamate delta-2 receptors. We have previously shown that GluD1 knockout mice exhibit features of developmental delay, including impaired spine pruning and switch in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit, which are releva...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.116.104786
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial disorders are devastating genetic diseases for which efficacious therapies are still an unmet need. Recent studies report that increased availability of intracellular NAD obtained by inhibition of the NAD-consuming enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 or supplementation with the NAD-precursor nico...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.114.097204
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have synthesized and characterized a high-affinity alpha 1-adrenergic receptor probe, 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2[4'- [5"(3"'-125I-iodo-4"'-aminophenyl)pentanoyl]-1'-piperazinyl] quinazoline (125I-A55453). This ligand binds reversibly to rat hepatic plasma membranes with high affinity (KD = 77 +/- 6 pM), and it labels ...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that elevated cytosolic free calcium plays a key role in acetaminophen-induced cell death. The present study has examined the effect of a toxic concentration of acetaminophen on cytosolic free calcium in single mouse hepatocytes, using the dye fura-2 and video imaging fluorescence microscopy. Cyt...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous report we described the use of flunitrazepam as a photoaffinity label to monitor the turnover of the gamma-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptor complex in primary brain and spinal cord cell cultures [Science (Wash. D. C.) 226:857-860 (1984)]. In the present communication we have extended our studies...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In various species, including humans, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been shown to exert positive chronotropic and inotropic cardiac effects through different types of receptors. The goal of the present study was to investigate the regulation by 5-HT of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in human atrial myocytes and to chara...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nonselective cation channel TRPA1 (ANKTM1, p120) is a potential mediator of pain, and selective pharmacological modulation of this channel may be analgesic. Although several TRPA1 activators exist, these tend to be either reactive or of low potency and/or selectivity. The aim of the present study, therefore, was t...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.107.042663
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms underlying mastoparan-induced elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were investigated in the insulin-secreting cell lines RINm5F and HIT. In both cell types, micromolar concentrations of mastoparan induced a prompt increase of [Ca2+]i, measured as an increase in fura-2 fluo...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) receptor complex is allosterically modulated by a variety of substances, some of clinical importance. Barbiturates and neurosteroids augment GABA-currents and also directly gate the channel. A variety of gamma-butyrolactone analogues also modulate GABA-induced currents, with som...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.52.1.114
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulated evidence suggests that dopamine and dopamine D1 agonists can activate phospholipase C in both brain and peripheral tissue. The receptor that mediates the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides has not been identified. The cloned dopamine D1A receptor that is generally thought to be linked to adenylyl cyclase, has...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.51.1.6
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), which have emerged as a new class of anticancer agents, act by modulating expression of genes controlling apoptosis or cell proliferation. Here, we compared the effect of HDACi on transcriptional activation by estrogen or glucocorticoid receptors (ER and GR, respectively), two m...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.105.014514
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol (ETOH) can cause apoptotic death of neurons by depleting GSH with an associated increase in oxidative stress. The current study illustrates a means to overcome this ETOH-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing GSH through boosting Nrf2, a transcription factor that controls GSH homeostasis. ETOH treatment caused a s...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.111.073262
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Labeled histidine was taken up into rat leukemic basophil 2H3 cells by a system with high affinity for histidine and then decarboxylated to form histamine. Uptake was partially inhibited and decarboxylation was completely blocked by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH) at concentrations of 10-100 microM. alpha-FMH ...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver homeostasis is achieved by the removal of diseased and damaged hepatocytes and their coordinated replacement to maintain a constant liver cell mass. Cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and toxic drug effects can all trigger apoptosis in the liver as a means of removing the unwanted cells, and the Fas "death receptor" pa...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.104.005223
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The small GTPase Rac1 has been widely implicated in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Previous studies established that stimulation of ErbB receptors in breast cancer cells activates Rac1 and enhances motility via the Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex1. As the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (Jak2)/signal trans...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.112.084293
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In saturation studies with [3H]dihydromorphine, unlabeled D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (1 nM) inhibited the high-affinity binding component far more potently than the lower-affinity one. Similarly, morphine (1 nM) inhibited the higher-affinity binding of 3H-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin to a greater extent than its lower-affin...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fluorogenic sulfhydryl probe 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM) (1-50 nM) is used to characterize the functional role and location of highly reactive thiol groups on the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channel complex [i.e., ryanodine receptors (RyRs)] of skeletal and cardiac junctional...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PC-12 cells, derived from a rat pheochromocytoma, were found to take up tritiated serotonin ([3H]5-HT) from the external medium by means of a saturable mechanism which follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent Km of uptake was 0.39 microM and the Vmax was 0.40 pmole/min/10(6) cells. The uptake was temperature-de...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous analyses suggested that potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonists were planar, with a lateral electron-rich center. To further define structural requirements and mechanism for antagonism, ten additional flavone derivatives were synthesized. Based on their ability to 1) compete with 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlo...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacological preservation of bone in the ovariectomized rat by estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and bisphosphonates has been well described. However, comprehensive molecular analysis of the effects of these pharmacologically diverse antiresorptive agents on gene expression in bone has n...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.105.011478
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The level of cellular ceramide, an apoptotic rheostat, is increased by sphingomyelinase or de novo synthesis. The expression of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene, whose induction accounts for cell viability, is regulated by activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBPbeta) and NF-E2-related factor-2...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.65.6.1475
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on the available data, we speculated that changes in brain iron metabolism induced by L-DOPA might be associated with the neurotoxicity of L-DOPA. To investigate this possibility, the effects of L-DOPA on the expression of iron influx proteins [transferrin receptor (TfR) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)],...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.105.017756
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombin, the key effector protease of the coagulation cascade, drives fibrin deposition and activates human platelets through protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1). These processes are critical to the progression of thrombotic diseases. Thrombin is the main target of anticoagulant therapy, and major efforts have led t...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.114.096446
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The co-transfection assay is a novel functional assay using cells transiently transfected with plasmids encoding intracellular receptors and corresponding reporter genes. Using this assay, natural product extracts were tested to identify compounds that modulate intracellular receptor activity, measured as changes in r...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian A2-adenosine receptor binding subunits (A2AR) can be visualized by covalent labeling with the photoaffinity crosslinking ligand 125I-2-[4-[2-[2-[(4-aminophenyl)methylcarbonylamino] ethylaminocarbonyl]ethyl]phenyl]ethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoad enosine or directly with the azide derivative described in th...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammation contributes to pain hypersensitivity through multiple mechanisms. Among the most well characterized of these is the sensitization of primary nociceptive neurons by arachidonic acid metabolites such as prostaglandins through G protein-coupled receptors. However, in light of the recent discovery that the no...
journal_title：Molecular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1124/mol.107.040832
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
