Functions, structure, and read-through alternative splicing of feline APOBEC3 genes.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Over the past years a variety of host restriction genes have been identified in human and mammals that modulate retrovirus infectivity, replication, assembly, and/or cross-species transmission. Among these host-encoded restriction factors, the APOBEC3 (A3; apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3) proteins are potent inhibitors of retroviruses and retrotransposons. While primates encode seven of these genes (A3A to A3H), rodents carry only a single A3 gene. RESULTS:Here we identified and characterized several A3 genes in the genome of domestic cat (Felis catus) by analyzing the genomic A3 locus. The cat genome presents one A3H gene and three very similar A3C genes (a-c), probably generated after two consecutive gene duplications. In addition to these four one-domain A3 proteins, a fifth A3, designated A3CH, is expressed by read-through alternative splicing. Specific feline A3 proteins selectively inactivated only defined genera of feline retroviruses: Bet-deficient feline foamy virus was mainly inactivated by feA3Ca, feA3Cb, and feA3Cc, while feA3H and feA3CH were only weakly active. The infectivity of Vif-deficient feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus was reduced only by feA3H and feA3CH, but not by any of the feA3Cs. Within Felidae, A3C sequences show significant adaptive selection, but unexpectedly, the A3H sequences present more sites that are under purifying selection. CONCLUSION:Our data support a complex evolutionary history of expansion, divergence, selection and individual extinction of antiviral A3 genes that parallels the early evolution of Placentalia, becoming more intricate in taxa in which the arms race between host and retroviruses is harsher.

journal_name

Genome Biol

journal_title

Genome biology

authors

Münk C,Beck T,Zielonka J,Hotz-Wagenblatt A,Chareza S,Battenberg M,Thielebein J,Cichutek K,Bravo IG,O'Brien SJ,Löchelt M,Yuhki N

doi

10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-r48

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-01-01 00:00:00

pages

R48

issue

3

eissn

1474-7596

issn

1474-760X

pii

gb-2008-9-3-r48

journal_volume

9

pub_type

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