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Statistical analysis of joint short-term and long-term survival in resuscitation research.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:To develop statistical tools that use combined initial survival data and post-resuscitation survival data to test the null hypothesis that true, population-wide outcomes following experimental CPR interventions are not different from control. METHOD:A new test statistic, d(2), for evaluating Type 1 error is derived from a bivariate, two-dimensional analysis of categorical initial resuscitation and post-resuscitation survival data, which are statistically independent because they are obtained during non-overlapping periods of time. The d(2) test statistic, which is distributed as a chi-squared distribution, is derived from first principles and validated using Monte Carlo methods of computer simulation for thousands of clinical trials. RESULTS:Under the null hypothesis, the normalized difference in the proportions of patients surviving the initial resuscitation period and the normalized difference in the proportions of such short-term survivors that also survive the post-resuscitation period are jointly distributed in a two-dimensional space as a bivariate standard normal distribution, against which observed intervention and control outcomes can be compared in a test of statistical significance. Typically this two-dimensional approach has greater statistical power to detect true differences, compared to conventional one-dimensional tests. Smaller group sizes (Ns) are usually required to reach statistical significance when both initial survival and post-resuscitation survival are considered together. Such two-dimensional analysis is easily extended to meta-analysis of multiple trials. CONCLUSIONS:A straightforward, easy-to-use bivariate test for Type I errors in statistical inference can be done for resuscitation studies reporting both short-term and long-term survival data. Acceptance of such two-dimensional tests of the null hypothesis, as proposed by Hallstrom, can save time, money, effort, and disappointment in the difficult and sometimes frustrating field of resuscitation research.

journal_name

Resuscitation

journal_title

Resuscitation

authors

Babbs CF

doi

10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.04.026

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-11-01 00:00:00

pages

323-31

issue

eissn

0300-9572

issn

1873-1570

pii

S0300-9572(07)00243-2

journal_volume

pub_type

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Statistical analysis of joint short-term and long-term survival in resuscitation research.