Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The treatment of HIV infection has been transformed by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. For patients who respond and can tolerate lifelong therapy, HIV infection may become a chronic disease requiring long-term ambulatory care follow-up. The current management of antiretrovirals is increasingly complex because of the large number of agents, wide spectrum of toxicities, adherence issues, and drug interactions. This review summarizes the currently available agents, recommended and alternative combinations, commonly encountered adverse events, and viral resistance issues. RECENT FINDINGS:Twenty antiretroviral medications are commercially available in the United States. Six new agents have been introduced since 2000, including one drug in a novel class of HIV fusion inhibitors. The adverse effects of antiretrovirals are well characterized and include lactic acidosis related to nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors; metabolic and body habitus changes, primarily attributed to protease inhibitors; and concern about the long-term vascular consequences of elevated lipids and insulin resistance associated with treatment. The recommended antiretroviral therapy by an expert panel as of October 2004 is summarized. SUMMARY:The benefits of antiretroviral therapy are clear: reduced morbidity and mortality related to advanced HIV infection. Managing antiretroviral therapy, along with their adverse effects and drug interactions, is complex. Modern treatment mandates a thorough understanding of the agents. Consultation with an HIV-experienced clinician should be considered in most circumstances.
journal_name
Curr Opin Oncoljournal_title
Current opinion in oncologyauthors
Kalkut Gdoi
10.1097/01.cco.0000174035.39161.d8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-09-01 00:00:00pages
479-84issue
5eissn
1040-8746issn
1531-703Xpii
00001622-200509000-00012journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:More therapeutic options are needed for bone and soft tissue sarcomas, especially for patients with metastatic disease. Recent randomized clinical trials conducted in colon, breast and lung cancer have shown the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent, bevacizumab, alone or in combination with c...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.cco.0000228741.64541.ca
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the state-of-the-art and new developments in the management of patients with brain metastases. RECENT FINDINGS:Treatment decisions are based on prognostic factors to maximize neurologic function and survival, while avoiding unnecessary therapies. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the treat...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e32831186fe
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been established in the literature as a clinically indolent tumor. Despite this, it was traditionally treated like all other PTCs. In an attempt to reduce overtreatment of this entity, a panel of experts reclassified ...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0000000000000416
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past decade has been marked by an explosion of knowledge regarding the dysregulation of cancer at the molecular level. It has become apparent that oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other ancillary molecules interact in complex pathways that govern cellular homeostasis. We review three molecular events that ha...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199901000-00013
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neuroendocrine tumors (previously referred to as carcinoids) are ill-understood, enigmatic malignancies that, although slow-growing compared with adenocarcinomas, can behave aggressively. In 2004, they comprised 1.25% of all malignancies; their incidence is increasing by approximately 6% per year. The...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e3282f1c595
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize major recent findings on the biology of human herpesvirus-8, i.e. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and the implications of these findings for Kaposi's sarcoma treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:Although reduced in incidence in developed countries since the introduction of highly active a...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e3281eb8ea7
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disease-free survival for patients with small sarcomas of bone has been impressively improved with the use of intensive combination chemotherapy and safe local control with surgery or radiation. The ability of monoclonal antibodies to recognize different antigens has allowed new insights into the histogenesis and has ...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The currently used staging system in melanoma has not been significantly modified since 1988. While this four-stage system effectively stratifies patients into prognostic groups, additional discriminating criteria have been reported that is not presently incorporated in the staging system. The following additions and ...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199803000-00013
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of the review is to delineate novel approaches for biology-based treatment in advanced gastric cancer. We reviewed the latest translational and clinical research articles and congress presentations. RECENT FINDINGS:A new molecular classification of gastric cancer based on histology, genet...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0000000000000289
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The correct use of tumor markers in patients with gynecological cancers can make an impact on management of the disease. Their value in screening for ovarian cancer cannot be recommended outside trials. Increased levels of various markers give prognostic information that could alter therapy for patients with early ova...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199609000-00015
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 1 in 10 US women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime. With such a high incidence, breast cancer is a serious health concern for all American women. Within the past year, clues about the function of genes associated with breast cancer have been garnered, and novel genes that may contribut...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-200011000-00002
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review presents an overview of recent developments in research examining coping with the effects of cancer treatment on sexuality. RECENT FINDINGS:A search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Knowledge to find papers published or in press in 2010. Papers examining coping efforts, effects of ca...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e3283446416
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this review, we highlight key recent insights into hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies through the application of novel single-cell approaches. We particularly focus on biological insights made through the study of stem/progenitors cells in myeloid malignancy at single-cell resolution. RE...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0000000000000613
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal cell carcinoma remains a challenge for oncologists, with only 20% of patients being cured by surgical removal of the involved kidney and a handful of patients with advanced disease being cured by surgery, immunotherapy, or both. Although advances in early detection, recognition of high-risk groups, and chemother...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199405000-00013
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstruction of the superior vena cava is seldom a true emergency and should not be treated without an adequate tissue diagnosis. For patients who are poor operative risks for invasive procedures, percutaneous biopsies of mediastinal masses under ultrasound guidance have resulted in a high diagnostic yield. Superior ve...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199503000-00010
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on the surgical management of soft tissue sarcomas of the hands and the feet. With recent advances in limb salvage surgery and radiotherapy delivery, local control of soft tissue sarcoma in the extremity has become optimized, and the associated functional results of this treatment ...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.cco.0000166651.38417.c8
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rising rate of germ cell cancer of the testis over the past decade has been demonstrated to be occurring predominantly in the younger age group (15 to 19 years) in association with earlier onset of puberty and earlier onset of regular sexual activity. Chemicals and viruses, with their atrophogenic effect, remain t...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199605000-00015
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past year, several research areas have been noteworthy. This article discusses decision making related to breast cancer treatment, the effects of treatment on measures of psychological distress, and studies related to quality-of-life among breast cancer patients. In addition, an area of continued interest inv...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199311000-00008
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pleural effusions are a common development in patients with cancer. The optimal means of control are not defined, but systemic treatment is often effective in patients with drug-sensitive tumors. Local treatments advocated in the management of malignant pleural effusions differ in the means of drainage, the length of ...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199208000-00007
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To evaluate the application of narrative within medical practice. Illness like cancer constitutes a biographical disruption that occurs several times during the disease, from diagnosis to complications and treatments. This review analyzes the interest of narrative ethics in medicine with a focus on ca...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0000000000000085
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of new chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment is pursued with the hope of finding compounds with novel chemical characteristics, unique mechanisms of action, and with improved therapeutic indexes. Seven novel agents at different stages of clinical development have been selected for review. D1694 ...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199112000-00011
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Preclinical and clinical developments in germ cell tumors over the past year are summarized. RECENT FINDINGS:Attenuations in the rising incidence of testicular germ cell tumors are beginning to be observed in certain European populations. Additional data on predisposing factors related to race, estro...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e3280ad43df
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In testicular cancer epidemiology, the increasing recognition that germinal epithelial atrophy is the final common pathway in the development of this tumor has developed along with reports that elevated follicule-stimulating hormone levels at the time of diagnosis of first tumor correlate with risk of developing a sec...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe how to better identify frail multiple myeloma patients and to treat them appropriately. RECENT FINDINGS:Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib, and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs), such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, have significantly improv...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0000000000000395
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to update knowledge on therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), taking into account the new 2008 WHO classification, new genome-wide approaches for the definition of susceptibility towards t-MN and the introduction of new more aggressive treatments in cancer patients. R...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e32834bcc2a
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment options for patients with recurrent head and neck malignancies arising in a previously irradiated field are limited. Surgical salvage is feasible in a minority of patients. The majority are referred for palliative chemotherapy with no realistic chance for cure. Data are accumulating to support reirradiat...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-200205000-00013
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To present the model of the Supportive Care in Cancer Unit (SCCU) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Milan. RECENT FINDINGS:In the last few years, there has been a debate on different models of integration of palliative care in oncology, on early palliative care, supportive care, supportive an...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e328352eabc
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Vandetanib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been recently approved as an 'orphan drug' for the treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). RECENT FINDINGS:MTC is a neuroendocrine malignancy frequently associated with m...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e32835a42b9
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-three years after it was observed that successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease was associated with risk of a second malignancy related to treatment, the literature is maturing. Early reports of leukemia risk rising and falling between 5 and 10 years after treatment continue to be supported. The real problem i...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001622-199709050-00006
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant melanoma is a tumor that offers unique possibilities for approaches to targeted therapy by virtue of the pigment biosynthesis pathway. Such approaches may seek to use the incorporation of toxic intermediates or to use the natural transcriptional control of genes coding for enzymes involved in melanin formati...
journal_title:Current opinion in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001622-199403000-00016
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00