Abstract:
:Menorrhagia affects the lives of many women. The assessment of menstrual flow is highly subjective and gauging the severity of the condition by objective assessment of menstrual blood loss is impractical. In treating menorrhagia, the primary aim should be to improve quality of life. Women are willing to undergo quite invasive treatment in order to achieve this. Drug therapy is the initial treatment of choice and the only option for those who wish to preserve their reproductive function. Despite the availability of a number of drugs, there is a general lack of an evidence-based approach, marked variation in practice and continuing uncertainty regarding the most appropriate therapy. Adverse effects and problems with compliance also undermine the success of medical treatment. This article reviews the available literature to compare the efficacy and tolerability of different medical treatments for menorrhagia. Tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid are among the most effective first-line drugs used to treat menorrhagia. Despite being used extensively in the past, oral luteal phase norethisterone is probably one of the least effective agents. Women requiring contraception have a choice of the combined oral contraceptive pill, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) or long-acting progestogens. Danazol, gestrinone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are all effective in terms of reducing menstrual blood loss but adverse effects and costs limit their long-term use. They have a role as second-line drugs for a short period of time in women awaiting surgery. While current evidence suggests that the LNG-IUS is an effective treatment, further evaluation, including long-term follow up, is awaited. Meanwhile, the quest continues for the ideal form of medical treatment for menorrhagia--one that is effective, affordable and acceptable.
journal_name
Drug Safjournal_title
Drug safetyauthors
Roy SN,Bhattacharya Sdoi
10.2165/00002018-200427020-00001keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
75-90issue
2eissn
0114-5916issn
1179-1942pii
2721journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUG SAFETY文献大全abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gastric acid-related symptoms are highly prevalent in the general population (21-40%), and more than 11% of individuals use medication for the treatment of these symptoms. The uptake of micronutrients is dependent on the gastrointestinal potential of hydrogen (pH). OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that medicatio...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0488-8
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Academic medical centres face the need to care for patients with complex medical conditions, educate physicians-in-training and conduct research, all with increasingly constrained budgets. The adoption of new therapeutic technology presents challenges and opportunities in each of these areas. Severe sepsis r...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200427150-00008
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several recent case control studies have shown an excess rate of venous thromboembolism in women using third generation progestogen-containing combined contraceptive pills compared to second generation combined contraceptive pills. This excess is about 1 in 10,000 women per year of use. It is likely that second and th...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199716020-00001
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol) is a potent intravenous hypnotic agent that is widely used in adults and children for sedation and the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Propofol has gained popularity for its rapid onset and rapid recovery even after prolonged use, and for the neuroprotection conferred. Howev...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200831040-00003
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the pattern of and the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Hong Kong, a prospective study of acute admissions to 2 general medical wards at the Prince of Wales Hospital was undertaken. Of the 1701 admissions included in this study, 74 (4.4%) were attributed to ADRs. Sulphonylureas, nonsteroi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199207030-00008
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pharmacovigilance, the monitoring of drug safety after marketing approval, highly depends on the adequate reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). To improve pharmacovigilance awareness and future ADR reporting among medical students, we developed and evaluated a student-run pharmacovigilance programme....
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0502-1
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are no head-to-head randomized controlled trials comparing different direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Thus, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed observational studies assessing the comparative effectiveness and safety of DOACs for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s40264-019-00842-1
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:At time of approval, knowledge of the full benefit risk of any drug is limited, in particular with regards to safety. Post-approval surveillance of potential drug safety concerns is recognized as an important task of regulatory agencies. For innovative, often first-in-class drugs, safety knowledge at time of...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-013-0094-y
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Safe and effective treatment of major depression, one of the most common comorbid conditions in individuals infected with HIV, significantly lowers morbidity and mortality from HIV disease. However, optimal treatment of both conditions is complicated by interactions between the disease processes as well as the pharmac...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200528090-00002
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of breast cancer during pregnancy is a rare clinical situation. However, if it is diagnosed, a multidisciplinary approach involving an obstetrician, a medical oncologist and a surgeon is needed. In this situation, breast cancer should be treated according to the same principles applied in nonpregnant pa...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199818020-00005
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Electronic healthcare databases (EHDs) are used increasingly for post-marketing drug safety surveillance and pharmacoepidemiology in Europe and North America. However, few studies have examined the potential of these data sources in China. METHODS:Three major types of EHDs in China (i.e., a regional commu...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0589-z
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacovigilance science has traditionally been a discipline focussed on the postmarketing or post-authorisation period, with due attention directed towards pre-clinical safety data, clinical trials and adverse events. As the biological sciences have evolved, pharmacovigilance has slowly shifted toward earlier, proac...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200629080-00003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pelargonium (Pelargonium sidoides DC and P. reniforme Curtis) is reported to have immune modulating properties and antibacterial activity, and Pelargonium extracts have been used for the treatment of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections. Introduced in the early 1980s in Germany, Umckaloabo (ISO Arzneimitt...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730080-00004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropsychiatric adverse effects related to potent antiretroviral therapy are among the complications that can lead to poor adherence, treatment interruptions, or change of antiretroviral therapy regimens. For a historical perspective, we review early literature and case reports with CNS adverse effects attributed to ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200629100-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Many drugs that are used to treat children are either not licensed for use in paediatric patients (unlicensed) or prescribed outside the terms of the product licence (off label). The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of such drugs is yet to be established. This ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200427130-00006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although heart failure is predominantly caused by cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and valvular heart disease, it can also be an adverse reaction induced by drug therapy. In addition, some drugs have the propensity to adversely affect haemodynamic mechanisms in patients with an al...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200629070-00003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipodystrophy complications, including lipoatrophy (pathological fat loss) and metabolic complications, have emerged as important long-term toxicities associated with antiretroviral therapy in the current era. The wealth of data that has accumulated over the past 6 years has now clarified the contribution of specific ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200528120-00002
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Minocycline is an antibacterial drug used in the treatment of acne. Concern has been expressed over the possibility of severe adverse reactions to minocycline, including hepatitis. This study set out to identify and characterise reported cases of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of minocycline. METHODS...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200023040-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Causality in pharmacovigilance is a difficult and time consuming exercise. This paper presents the challenges in determining causation by drug therapy. The first is that causation is complex and needs to be viewed from the context of the patient treated, rather than the drug product. Multiple causal vectors should be ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0509-2
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Checkpoint inhibitor drugs including ipilimumab have been reported to induce intestinal injury. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to evaluate the risk of chronic (> 6 weeks) enterocolitis following ipilimumab administration, and the likelihood that an enteritis vs colitis or enterocolitis is seen. PATIENTS AND METHODS:...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-020-00979-4
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaemia is common in patients with haematological malignancy, occurring in the majority of patients with malignant disease who are treated with chemotherapy. Most patients will have their anaemia attributed to the cytokine-mediated anaemia of chronic disease. Many of these patients with anaemia will be symptomatic wit...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225070-00006
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate the frequency of adverse effects associated with the use of the transdermal nicotine patch, we abstracted and analysed data from 47 reports of 35 clinical trials. The meta-analysis presented here represents a synthesis of data from 41 groups of nicotine patch recipients totalling 5501 patients, and 33 grou...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00002018-199818040-00005
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is clear experimental evidence that antibiotics increase the bioavailability of endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, data for 2 variables, level of endotoxin and level of bacteria, at the time point closest to 2 hours post-antibiotic exposure were abstracted as a change from baseline readings f...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199512030-00004
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac are frequently used as comparators in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the safety and efficacy of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors. Different comparator doses may influence the results of RCTs. It has been hypothesized that RCTs of COX-2 inhibitors where different do...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11590470-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of certain forms of cancers, raising hopes for many patients with otherwise unresponsive tumours. While these agents are generally well tolerated, clinical experience with them has highlighted their unexpected association with serious toxic effects on...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-013-0050-x
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monobactams and carbapenems are 2 classes of beta-lactam antibiotics that were introduced in the 1980s. This review considers the monobactam aztreonam and the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem. Imipenem is administered together with cilastatin, which inhibits the enzymatic breakdown of imipenem in the kidney. The ant...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199512050-00003
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the UK, spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by healthcare professionals has been in operation since 1964 through the Yellow Card Scheme (YCS). From 2005, patients themselves have been able to submit Yellow Card reports. OBJECTIVE:To compare patient characteristics, suspected ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11536510-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Betahistine is a structural analogue of histamine that is prescribed for the treatment of vestibular disorders such as Ménière's disease and the symptomatic treatment of vertigo. It is estimated from sales information that >130 million patients have been exposed to the drug since its registration in 1968. In this revi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200629110-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has long been recognized. However, no summary estimates of the increase in VTE risk associated with OC use have been available since 1995, and no meta-analyses have evaluated the VTE risk of new preparations containing drospi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2165/11598050-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The Bradford Hill criteria are a widely used, useful tool for the assessment of biomedical causation. We have examined their application to pharmacovigilance using the example of cisapride-induced QTc interval prolongation/arrhythmia. METHODS:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Reacti...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730040-00006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00