Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:Ethnic/racial differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders have been reported in hospital studies conducted in the United States, but general population studies find little or no evidence of higher rates of disorder in Black communities than White communities. Thus, ethnic/racial differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in treated samples may be due to biased estimates. Aside from sampling bias, 4 hypothetical models of ethnic/racial differences may account for such bias: sociocultural, self-selection, social selection, and clinician bias. The present article reviews and performs limited tests of these 4 models. DESIGN:Paranoia is considered a key symptom in biases associated with ethnic/racial differences in psychiatric disorders. Black, Latino, and White community and patient samples are compared, via secondary analysis of data from an epidemiologic study, in terms of their expression of a range of paranoid symptoms. PARTICIPANTS:The study sample consisted of 404 community residents, 96 patients with major depression, and 65 patients with nonorganic, nonaffective psychotic disorder (mainly DSM III schizophrenia). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Hypothesis-testing involved 2 approaches: 1) standard significance tests of mean differences between groups; and 2) an analysis of the patterns of mean scores across the paranoia scales from the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview by ethnic/racial group and diagnostic category. RESULTS:The results of this study favor the sociocultural explanation of bias associated with ethnic/racial differences in psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION:To reduce disparities in ethnic/racial patterns of psychiatric hospitalizations, the biases associated with differences in the sociocultural backgrounds of providers and patients need to be addressed.
journal_name
Ethn Disjournal_title
Ethnicity & diseaseauthors
Whaley AL,Geller PAkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
499-512issue
4eissn
1049-510Xissn
1945-0826journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:We wished to estimate the incidence of preeclampsia among a group of Hispanic women in the greater Detroit metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS:We reviewed delivery records of 559 Hispanic women from a Detroit hospital and prenatal records of 134 Hispanic women who received care from an affiliated federally quali...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine (1) how African-American and white men and women from similar low income communities perceive their body mass relative to others in the population; and (2) whether ethnic and gender differences exist in the selection of ideal body image sizes for the same and opposit...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Studies have demonstrated the effects of segregated social and physical environments on the development of chronic diseases for African Americans. Studies have not delineated the effects of segregated environments specifically on the health of African American men over their lifetime. This study examines the re...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18865/ed.25.3.295
更新日期：2015-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine acculturation as a correlate of cardiovascular disease screening practices among Mexican Americans. METHODS:A modified Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey was administered to adults age 18 and older in four Chicago neighborhoods during the winter of 2000 (N=435). RESULTS:Reg...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Introduction:Farmers' market incentive programs, such as Link Match, provide monetary incentives to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants to promote their use of local farmers' markets. Information on racial/ethnic differences in the shopping behaviors and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption of...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18865/ed.30.1.109
更新日期：2020-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer incidence is significantly lower in Hispanic and black women than in non-Hispanic white women. Since diet has been suggested as an important determinant of breast cancer risk, we compared the food intake of college students sampled from these three racial-ethnic groups in New York City to evaluate the po...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Training is a crucial tool for building the capacity necessary for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing countries. This paper summarizes some features of a 2-week workshop aimed at enabling local health professionals to initiate a comprehensive CVD prevention and control program in a ...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The obesity epidemic has become a health crisis in the United States, particularly for minorities. This article reports on the health status and sociodemographic characteristics of morbidly obese American Indians living in rural areas of California. METHODS:A cross-sectional randomized household study of ...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the adequacy of available evidence that: 1) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and its regression influence the rate of cardiovascular events in hypertension; 2) carotid artery wall thickening and discrete plaque have comparable significance to LVH; and 3) black hypertensive patients have greater ...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The safety net system remains an important part of the health care system for uninsured and minority populations, however, the closure of safety net hospitals changes the availability of care. Using community-based participatory research methods, we explored the impact of hospital closure among late middle a...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An assessment of the risk or diagnosis of diabetes in a random sample of 386 adult border residents found 46% obese, 12% at risk for diabetes, and 18% diagnosed with diabetes. While obesity was associated with greater diabetes risk, > 50% of obese adults reported not being told of their diabetes risk. Independent of o...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study examines whether socioeconomic status (SES), measured at both the individual and neighborhood levels, is associated with receipt of definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer and whether these associations mediate racial differences in treatment between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic B...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.18865/ed.27.3.201
更新日期：2017-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:USAID began funding the Rural Health Delivery Services Project (RHDS) in Sine Saloum region (later divided into 2 regions--Kaolack and Fatick) of Senegal in 1977. Its aim was to improve the health of rural inhabitants and to set up a model health care delivery system. It specifically set out to increase agricultural...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:National surveillance for ectopic pregnancy (EP), the primary cause of maternal death in the first trimester, began in 1970. EP rates peeked during the late 1980s and have been highest for African Americans. However, limited reports on EP rates exist for other racial/ethnic groups. OBJECTIVES:To report stat...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For more than 20 years the tobacco industry has considered secondhand smoke to be a threat to its viability. In this article, we describe why secondhand smoke is important to tobacco control and how the tobacco industry's "Latin Project" sought to prevent the creation of smoke-free workplaces and public places in Cent...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1999, Tougaloo College (TC), located in Jackson, Mississippi, was charged, as a part of its role in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), with creating a pool of well-trained high school students who, upon entering college, could successfully complete undergraduate and graduate or professional degrees in the health profes...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18865/ed.30.1.25
更新日期：2020-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:Global recommendations on physical activity for noncommunicable disease prevention can be promoted using partner support strategies among women of Mexican descent and other ethnicities. Design/Methods:This systematic review utilized a multifaceted ecological approach by focusing comprehensively on community,...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18865/ed.28.4.555
更新日期：2018-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has created unprecedented changes to everyday life for millions of Americans due to job loss, school closures, stay-at-home orders and health and mortality consequences. In turn, physicians, academics, and policymakers have turned their attention to the public mental health ...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.18865/ed.30.4.695
更新日期：2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents evidence-based strategies for assisting patients in quitting smoking. Summaries of the effectiveness of advice alone, varying levels of behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and bupropion either alone or in combinations are presented. We describe two web-based resources, one that o...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Facing the conclusion of the twentieth century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of morbidity and a leading contributor to mortality worldwide. Developing countries, including those in South America and the Caribbean, contribute substantially to the global burden of CVD. Indeed, 8 to 9 million deaths...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine if, after adjusting for economic status, race is an independent risk factor for glycemic control among diabetic patients in a large primary care patient population. DESIGN SETTING PARTICIPANTS:We performed a retrospective chart review of 264,000 primary care patients at our large, urba...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18865/ed.26.1.85
更新日期：2016-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Scholars have shown that promoting diversity and inclusion in precision medicine research is important for ethical and scientific reasons. The processes for classifying the populations that enroll in biomedical research, however, are often unclear, inconsistent, and poorly justified. Precision medicine research promis...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18865/ed.29.S3.651
更新日期：2019-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To establish the baseline prevalence rates for non-communicable disease risk factors in Eritrea. STUDY DESIGN:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all the ethnic groups in Eritrea with the WHO STEPwise approach. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure > or = 140/90 mm Hg or a person on medication ...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this literature review is to explore the potential relationship between ethnicity and obesity, and obesity-related risks, with a particular emphasis on disparities between Asian and Pacific Islander populations. We conducted a comprehensive search of available medical literature related to the rise of o...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to determine whether race disparities in physical inactivity are present among urban low-income Blacks and Whites living in similar social context. DESIGN:This analysis included Black and White respondents ( > or = 18 years) from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated C...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review article discusses disparities in immunization rates for beneficiaries of the US Medicare program. The review considers: 1) historical and statistical information on rates of immunization; 2) goals set forward by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) to eliminate racial and ethnic health disp...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Reactive oxygen and nitrogen free radicals are produced during immune activity, and are triggered by several environmental factors such as pollution, smoke, and sunlight. Harmful effects of these reactive species include cellular damage to RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids. In humans several diseases including...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:African-American infants weigh on average 200-300 grams less at birth than do European-American infants, leading to a two-fold higher rate of low birth-weight (LBW) infants. This birth weight disparity has not changed significantly over the past 95 years. Numerous research studies have been undertaken to elucidate thi...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical inactivity, a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is more prevalent within the African-American population. Unfortunately, only a few investigators have documented the effects of exercise training studies on cardiovascular fitness in this cohort. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To describe the rationale and design of a prospective study of ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) combined with measurement of contextual factors to identify hypertensive phenotypes in a Caribbean population with high rates of HTN and cardiovascular disease. Design:Prospective, multi-center sub-stu...
journal_title：Ethnicity & disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.18865/ed.29.4.535
更新日期：2019-10-17 00:00:00
