Abstract:
:Multicellular organisms probably originated as groups of cells formed in several ways, including cell proliferation from a group of founder cells and aggregation. Cooperation among cells benefits the group, but may be costly (altruistic) or beneficial (synergistic) to individual cooperating cells. In this paper, we study conflict mediation, the process by which genetic modifiers evolve that enhance cooperation by altering the parameters of development or rules of formation of cell groups. We are particularly interested in the conditions under which these modifiers lead to a new higher-level unit of selection with increased cooperation among group members and heritable variation in fitness at the group level. By sculpting the fitness variation and opportunity for selection at the two levels, conflict modifiers create new functions at the organism level. An organism is more than a group of cooperating cells related by common descent; organisms require adaptations that regulate conflict within. Otherwise their continued evolution is frustrated by the creation of within-organism variation and conflict between levels of selection. The evolution of conflict modifiers is a necessary prerequisite to the emergence of individuality and the continued well being of the organism. Conflict leads--through the evolution of adaptations that reduce i--to greater individuality and harmony for the organism.
journal_name
Heredity (Edinb)journal_title
Heredityauthors
Michod RE,Roze Ddoi
10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00808.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-7issue
Pt 1eissn
0018-067Xissn
1365-2540pii
her808journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
HEREDITY文献大全abstract::In the semienclosed Adriatic Sea, the shared stocks of the cephalopods Loligo vulgaris and Sepia officinalis represent important marine fisheries resources exploited by all coastal countries. The improving of knowledge on the demographic features of these shared stocks is internationally relevant for adopting responsi...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800489
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::How do morphological differences between species evolve at the genetic level? This study investigates the genetic basis of recent divergence in male wing size between species of the model parasitoid wasp Nasonia. The forewings of flightless Nasonia vitripennis males are 2.3 times smaller than males of their flighted s...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.146
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population genetic signatures of local adaptation are frequently investigated by identifying loci with allele frequencies that exhibit high correlation with ecological variables. One difficulty with this approach is that ecological associations might be confounded by geographic variation at selectively neutral loci. H...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.7
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of local adaptation is rendered difficult by many evolutionary confounding phenomena (for example, genetic drift and demographic history). When complex traits are involved in local adaptation, phenomena such as phenotypic plasticity further hamper evolutionary biologists to study the complex relationships be...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.93
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host-plant resistance is an effective method for controlling soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), the most damaging insect pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in North America. Recently, resistant soybean lines have been discovered and at least four aphid resistance genes (Rag1, Rag2, Rag3 and rag4) have bee...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.10
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paternity analysis based on eight microsatellite loci was used to investigate pollen and seed dispersal patterns of the dioecious wind-pollinated tree, Araucaria angustifolia. The study sites were a 5.4 ha isolated forest fragment and a small tree group situated 1.7 km away, located in Paranalpha State, Brazil. In the...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801019
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Volunteers deriving from unharvested seeds of a crop can lead to persistent feral populations and participate in genetic exchanges across the agro-ecosystem, both between crop varieties and between crops and their wild relatives. A first step to understand the importance of volunteers is to characterize their capacity...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.156
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Connectivity is widely recognized as an important component in developing effective management and conservation strategies. Although managers are generally most interested in demographic, rather than genetic connectivity, new analytic approaches are able to provide estimates of both demographic and genetic connectivit...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.58
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past, numerous Cf genes have been reported in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) that confer resistance against leaf mould (Cladosporium fulvum Cke.). We are interested in genetic variation at Cf loci. Therefore, previously uncharacterized Cf genes were further analysed. Recognition of the AVR4 elicitor, DN...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00754.x
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the crucial role of cyanobacteria in various ecosystems, little is known about their evolutionary histories, especially microevolutionary dynamics, because of the lack of knowledge regarding their mutation rates. Here we directly estimated cyanobacterial mutation rates based on ancient DNA analyses of ice core...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-017-0040-3
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sibling species Anopheles atroparvus and Anopheles labranchiae are cytogenetically almost indistinguishable. The chromosome complement (2n = 6) consists of two pairs of autosomes and two heteromorphic sex chromosomes with largely homologous heterochromatic long arms. Treatment of chromosome preparations with the r...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.1990.80
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first released, resistance evolution leading to failure in control of pests populations has been observed in a number of species. Field resistance of the moth Busseola fusca was acknowledged 8 years after Bt maize was introduced in South Africa....
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2016.104
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-eight spontaneous alterations modifying the hybridization banding pattern of six families of transposable elements (297, Foldback, copia, jockey, P and hobo) have been fixed in a set of mutation-accumulation lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Their effect on fitness has been studied by competition with the origi...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00590.x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of Haldane's rule suggests that sex chromosomes commonly have a key role in reproductive barriers and speciation. However, the majority of research on Haldane's rule has been conducted in species with conventional sex determination systems (XY and ZW) and exceptions to the rule have been understudied. H...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2016.127
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The estimation of heritabilities and genetic correlations is based on the assumption that the trait distributions are normal. When the distributions are not normal it is advisable to transform the data to produce normality. However, it is possible that no suitable transformation can be found. The purpose of the presen...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00844.x
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the expression of melanin-based sex-traits may help us to understand their signalling function. Potential sources of inter-individual variation are the total amount of melanins produced but also how biochemical precursors are allocated into the eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800260
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comprehensive long-term studies of isolated populations provide valuable comparative data that may be used to evaluate different methods for quantifying the relationship between genetic diversity and fitness. Here, we report on data collected from large and well-characterized cohorts of the two numerically dominant sp...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800409
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between rapidly evolving centromere sequences and conserved kinetochore machinery appears to be mediated by centromere-binding proteins. A recent theory proposes that the independent evolution of centromere-binding proteins in isolated populations may be a universal cause of speciation among eukaryotes...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800275
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colour polymorphisms have evolutionary significance for the generation and maintenance of species diversity. Demonstrating heritability of polymorphic traits can be challenging for wild populations of long-lived species because accurate information is required on trait expression and familial relationships. The Austra...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-019-0212-4
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asexual reproduction via thelytokous parthenogenesis is widespread in the Hymenoptera, but its genetic underpinnings have been described only twice. In the wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum and the Cape honey bee Apis mellifera capensis the origin of thelytoky have each been traced to a single recessive locus. In the Cape hone...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.127
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed dormancy is a key adaptive trait under polygenic control in many plants. We introduced the chromosomal regions containing the dormancy QTLs qSD1, qSD7-1, and qSD12 from an accession of weedy rice into a nondormant genetic background to examine component genetic effects and their interactions with time of afterrip...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800757
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In wide-ranging taxa with historically dynamic ranges, past allopatric isolation and range expansion can both influence the current structure of genetic diversity. Considering alternate historical scenarios involving expansion from either a single refugium or from multiple refugia can be useful in differentiating the ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0135-5
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The simple regression method of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) is further investigated in comparison with the mixture model maximum likelihood method under high heritabilities, dominant and missing markers. No significant difference between the two methods is detected in terms of errors of parameter estimation ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00307.x
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mate choice behaviors are among the most important reproductive isolating barriers in many animals. Little is known about the genetic basis of reproductively isolating behaviors, but examples to date provide evidence that they can have a simple genetic basis. However, it is unclear if these results indicate that indiv...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-020-0309-9
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic effects of habitat fragmentation may be undetectable because they are generally a recent event in evolutionary time or because of confounding effects such as historical bottlenecks and historical changes in species' distribution. To assess the effects of demographic history on the genetic diversity and populat...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.23
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allozyme electrophoresis was used to determine amount and structure of genetic variation within and between five congeneric haploid moss species: Polytrichum formosum, P. commune, P. uliginosum, P. piliferum and P. juniperinum. For the different species, gene diversity within populations (HS) ranged from very low (0.0...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00762.x
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sperm competition is a potent evolutionary force shaping the reproductive biology of most animal species. Here, we estimated the heritability of sperm competition success in the promiscuous bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini. Sperm competition success was measured with the sterile male technique as the proportion of eggs f...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800649
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in behaviour between individuals in populations living in different environments may result from evolution proceeding differently in each population. The parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizes early instar larvae of butterflies in the family Pieridae. In the study area...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00549.x
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central aim of evolutionary biology is to understand patterns of genetic variation between species and within populations. To quantify the genetic variation underlying intraspecific differences, estimating quantitative genetic parameters of traits is essential. In Pterygota, wing morphology is an important trait a...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-020-0318-8
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining the mechanisms responsible for the distribution of genetic diversity in natural populations has occupied a central role in molecular evolution. Our study was motivated by the unprecedented observation that a widespread Eurasian flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla, exhibited no variation at the mitochondrial DNA...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.9
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00