Abstract:
:Because the risk of leukemia for workers exposed to 1 ppm of benzene for 40 years is estimated to be 70% greater than the risk for unexposed persons, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommend that the allowable airborne exposure level be 0.1 ppm. Using an experimentally determined dermal flux (permeability) value for benzene through skin, the authors calculated the amount of benzene absorbed through a known surface area (e.g., hands) during exposures where solvents contaminated with benzene were used for cleaning. Even at current contamination levels, which are less than 0.1% in most products, the amount of benzene absorbed through the skin over a long period can be significant, depending on exposure time and exposed skin surface areas. In the example given, the risk for leukemia was increased by 42%. Therefore, the authors recommend that the liquid benzene concentration that triggers labeling, worker education, and protective measures to minimize skin exposure be reduced from 0.1% to 0.01%.
journal_name
Int J Occup Environ Healthauthors
Kalnas J,Teitelbaum DTdoi
10.1179/oeh.2000.6.2.114keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-04-01 00:00:00pages
114-21issue
2eissn
1077-3525issn
2049-3967journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The authors visited the State of West Bengal, India, in August 1996, as consultants to the World Health Organization (WHO). The general mandate of the mission was to formulate recommendations to the Government of India regarding its efforts to assist the Government of West Bengal in remedying health problems arising f...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/oeh.1998.4.4.217
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective study of the association between self-reported diabetes mellitus and sick leave from work, 21,149 men and women, aged 35-59 years, participated. Prevalence of diabetes was obtained by questionnaire. Sick leave was prospectively obtained from departments of human resources in the year after the baselin...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.1.1
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2003, the university-based Program on Work and Health in Central America, SALTRA, was launched to build national and regional capacities in occupational safety and health with the goal of preventing and reducing poverty in Central America. SALTRA has implemented 20 projects including action projects in priority sec...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735211799041878
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2006.12.4.408
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether the agricultural use of untreated wastewater (i.e. crop irrigation) was associated with elevated blood lead levels in a farming population in the Mezquital Valley and which risk factors, other than exposure to untreated wastewater, were associated with elevated blood lead levels, lead levels wer...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2000.6.3.177
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1999.5.4.251
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Between 1992 and 2010 in the Costa Rican Caribbean, a social movement coalition called Foro Emaús sought to change people's view on problems of high pesticide use in banana production. OBJECTIVE:To understand the formation and membership of Foro Emaús, its success period, and its decline. METHODS:Semi-stru...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1179/2049396712Y.0000000018
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000094
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10773525.2016.1144374
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factory surveys were conducted in the second half of work weeks on 360 solvent workers (202 men and 158 women) and 281 controls in China. Monitoring personal exposures showed that ethylbenzene exposure was low (geometric mean 1.8 ppm) and was accompanied by coexposure to toluene (1.5 ppm) and three xylene isomers (6.7...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1995.1.1.1
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735211799031130
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study, the first environmental cancer study in Azerbaijan, addressed concerns that residents of the industrial city of Sumgayit have an increased cancer burden as a consequence of intense occupational and environmental pollution from industry. Vital statistics data were used to calculate annual crude cancer incid...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2006.12.3.234
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735210799160219
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2006.12.2.111
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxic anti-thyroidic chemical perchlorate, used in rocket fuel, has leached from military dumpsites into public drinking water sources, contaminating the water at dangerous levels in many states. The Department of Defense and its contractors such as Lockheed Martin are using obfuscation to wage a campaign to slow ...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.3.330
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the 1990 National Health Interview Survey Health Promotion and Disease Prevention supplement, the authors estimated the 1990 baseline prevalence of breast cancer screening among employed U.S. women aged 50-70 years. Proportions of women screened for breast cancer were calculated by occupational category and demog...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1995.1.3.225
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2007.13.2.143
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1999.5.1.1
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent interpretation of the pathogenetic role of asbestos fiber size in the development of mesothelioma and in the possibility of mesothelioma prevention needs clarification. This point of view is based on a biased interpretation of the literature. Epidemiologic, experimental, and molecular evidence suggests that t...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/107735207800245036
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2005.11.4.360
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of different conditions of occupational exposure to organic solvents on subjective sleep quality were studied with and without shiftwork. Laboratory studies showed that four hours of daytime exposure to ethanol (400, 800 ppm) by inhalation led to blood ethanol levels below 0.01 per thousand and had margina...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study on workplace injuries and risk reduction practices was part of the Malaysia National Health Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III) conducted in 2006. METHODS:This cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted to determine the incidence of workplaces injuries and assess the magnitude of some i...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/1077352512Z.00000000035
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 44-year-old patient died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) after nine years of heavy exposure to cadmium (Cd) in a nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery factory. Two years after starting work he and co-workers had experienced pruritus, loss of smell, nasal congestion, nosebleeds, cough, shortness of breath, severe h...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735201800339470
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2006.12.4.329
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surveillance data show that pesticide-related illness is an important cause of acute morbidity among migrant farm workers in California. A few categories (organophosphates and carbamates, inorganic compounds, and pyrethroids) account for over half of the cases of acute illness. Skin effects dominate the illnesses, alt...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/107735201800339272
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupations of two geographically distinct populations of patients with upper limb pain were examined. Relative risks for being in an occupation were calculated for subjects with epicondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and pain syndromes in one population and nonspecific occupational overuse syndrome (OOS) in the other...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735201800339308
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sewage operatives at five sewage treatment plants (n = 59) and controls not exposed to sewage (n = 55) were examined to determine work-related symptoms and inflammatory responses. Symptoms were elicited using a questionnaire, and spirometry was performed. Inflammatory markers were determined in blood and nasal lavage....
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.1.84
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1997, Argentina gave priority to asbestos in its National Plan for the Sound Management of Chemicals, and it was the subject of a Technical Task Force on Occupational Cancer. After five years of public hearings in which government, workers, industry advocates, environmentalists, clinicians, scientists, and consumer...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.2.202
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00