Abstract:
:Health effects of occupational exposures are frequently evaluated by comparing the mortality of a whole cohort of workers with that of the general population. This study design may be affected by two major biases: a dilution effect (DE), due to the inclusion of unexposed subjects in the study cohort, and a comparison bias (CB), due to the different distribution of risk factors in the reference population. A theoretical model of the joint effect of DE and CB is proposed. Their impact was evaluated in two actual cohorts, selecting specific causes of death based on a priori hypotheses of an association. A linear relationship between the risk estimates and the two biases was found after applying either direct or indirect standardization to adjust for confounding. In the two cohorts, higher risks in exposed workers emerged only after adjusting for DE and CB. Cohort studies without an internal referent group may provide unreliable results.
journal_name
Int J Occup Environ Healthauthors
Parodi S,Gennaro V,Ceppi M,Cocco Pdoi
10.1179/oeh.2007.13.2.143subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-01 00:00:00pages
143-52issue
2eissn
1077-3525issn
2049-3967journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Legislators in the Canadian province of Alberta have successfully resisted pressure to increase state injury-prevention efforts. OBJECTIVES:This study seeks to identify the narratives used by legislators to manage political pressure for increased injury-prevention efforts. METHODS:Narrative analysis of leg...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/2049396713Y.0000000040
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asbestos was used in spray applied textured ceilings from 1945 to at least 1980. Exposure to asbestos and the probability of developing lung disease is high in individuals who lived with these types of ceilings in their home. Asbestos exposure and frequency of disease is even higher in an apartment suffering...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10773525.2016.1162952
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1999.5.4.307
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surveillance data show that pesticide-related illness is an important cause of acute morbidity among migrant farm workers in California. A few categories (organophosphates and carbamates, inorganic compounds, and pyrethroids) account for over half of the cases of acute illness. Skin effects dominate the illnesses, alt...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/107735201800339272
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because the widespread use of gloves by health care workers has induced an increase of both irritant and type I or type IV allergic glove-related diseases, the Italian Society of Preventive Medicine for Health Care Workers set up a working group to collect information about glove composition and to standardize procedu...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1997.3.4.300
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether the agricultural use of untreated wastewater (i.e. crop irrigation) was associated with elevated blood lead levels in a farming population in the Mezquital Valley and which risk factors, other than exposure to untreated wastewater, were associated with elevated blood lead levels, lead levels wer...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2000.6.3.177
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prevalence of hand dermatitis was investigated in 60 U.K. hairdressing salons. Exposure variables and individual characteristics were examined for associations with prevalence. 38.6% of respondents reported prevalent hand dermatitis and 72.7% of prevalent cases reported interdigital symptoms. Trainee hairdressers repo...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735205800245920
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Brick manufacturing constitutes an important industrial sector in Egypt with considerable exposure to silica. OBJECTIVES:We aimed for evaluating hepatic functions in silica-exposed workers in the clay brick industry, and the possible role of matrix remodeling and immunological factors. METHODS:A case-contr...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000061
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1997.3.3.204
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gold mining in the savannah region of northern Brazil (Roraima) has increased dramatically since 1989. Elemental mercury is used to extract gold from sediment. Mercury released into the Amazon aquatic ecosystem may convert into the organic form and bioconcentrate in the food chain, posing a hazard for fish-eating peop...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1996.2.3.165
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the health impact of insecticides on Palestinian farm workers in the Gaza Strip, the study assessed biomarkers in farm workers who used organophosphorus insecticides. Serum cholinesterase and complete blood count were determined before and after spraying of organophosphorus insecticides. Burning sensations...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2005.11.2.144
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine lymphohematopoietic malignancy incidence rates between populations living near oil-gas fields (two regions) compared with those living in areas free from oil-gas exploitation (one region) in Koprivnica-Krizevci County, Croatia, 803 new cases of lymphohematopoietic malignancies were studied for two time pe...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2007.13.3.258
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the number and distribution of exposures among workers exposed to silica dust in Vietnam, a cross-sectional study was conducted of the provincial Preventive Medicine Centers (PMCs) of 61 provinces, and data were collected from medical centers (MCs) of the Ministries of Construction, Industry, and Transpor...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2003.9.2.128
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Union's 2006 Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) legislation represents a new wave in regulating chemicals and has set far-reaching goals for protecting and enhancing public health, the environment, and markets. Despite substantial public debate during the develop...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735211799031130
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735209799449734
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With PLAGSALUD support, pesticide illness surveillance has extended to all seven Central American countries, producing 7,000 poisoning reports in 2000, but governments' use of the surveillance data has been limited by inadequacies of data management, interpretation, and reporting and an influential pesticide industry ...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/107735202800338830
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent interpretation of the pathogenetic role of asbestos fiber size in the development of mesothelioma and in the possibility of mesothelioma prevention needs clarification. This point of view is based on a biased interpretation of the literature. Epidemiologic, experimental, and molecular evidence suggests that t...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/107735207800245036
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticide exposures of women in developing countries are aggravated by economic policy changes associated with structural adjustment programs and globalization. Women in these countries, particularly in the agricultural sector, are increasingly exposed. Since they are concentrated in the most marginal positions in the...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/oeh.2002.8.1.46
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sea lampreys are parasitic fish found in lakes of the United States and Canada. Sea lamprey is controlled through manual application of the pesticides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and Bayluscide(TM) into streams and tributaries. 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol may cause irritation and central nervou...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/2049396715Y.0000000002
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrazine, an herbicide used on most of the US corn (maize) crop, is the subject of ongoing controversy, with increasing documentation of its potentially harmful health and environmental impacts. Supporters of atrazine often claim that it is of great value to farmers; most recently, Syngenta, the producer of atrazine, ...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/2049396713Y.0000000054
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10773525.2018.1475446
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/oeh.1999.5.3.203
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2006.12.2.111
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10773525.2016.1144374
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Much of the evidence on the health effects of airborne particles is based on mortality and hospital admissions, while the evidence from other morbidity indicators is still limited. OBJECTIVE:To measure the relationship between particles with diameter below 10 microm (PM10) and emergency ambulance dispatches...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1179/2049396713Y.0000000045
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factory surveys were conducted in the second half of work weeks on 360 solvent workers (202 men and 158 women) and 281 controls in China. Monitoring personal exposures showed that ethylbenzene exposure was low (geometric mean 1.8 ppm) and was accompanied by coexposure to toluene (1.5 ppm) and three xylene isomers (6.7...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.1995.1.1.1
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/1077352512Z.00000000035
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to metal working fluids (MWF) is common in machining processes worldwide and may lead to diseases of the skin and the respiratory tract. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to investigate exposure and diseases due to MWF in Switzerland between 2004 and 2013. METHODS:We performed descriptive statist...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10773525.2016.1200210
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1983, in the face of mounting evidence of excess leukemia among workers at Shell Oil's Wood River (IL) and Deer Park (TX) petroleum refineries, Shell initiated the Benzene Historical Exposure Study (BHES). Shell's prior research had implicated occupational exposure to benzene as the source of the excess leukemia. T...
journal_title:International journal of occupational and environmental health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1179/oeh.2007.13.2.222
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00