Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Primary breast cancer involving four or more axillary lymph nodes carries a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that use of an immunohistochemical biomarker scoring system could allow for identification of variable risk subgroups. METHODS:Patients with four or more positive axillary nodes were identified from a clinically annotated tissue microarray of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary breast cancers and randomized into a 'test set' and a 'validation set'. A prospectively defined prognostic scoring model was developed in the test set and was further assessed in the validation set combining expression for eight biomarkers by immunohistochemistry, including estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 2, carbonic anhydrase IX, cytokeratin 5/6, progesterone receptor, p53 and Ki-67. Survival outcomes were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, log rank tests and Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS:A total of 313 eligible patients were identified in the test set for whom 10-year relapse-free survival was 38.3% (SEM 2.9%), with complete immunohistochemical data available for 227. Tumor size, percentage of positive axillary nodes and expression status for the progesterone receptor, Ki-67 and carbonic anhydrase IX demonstrated independent prognostic significance with respect to relapse-free survival. Our combined biomarker scoring system defined three subgroups in the test set with mean 10-year relapse-free survivals of 75.4% (SEM 7.0%), 35.3% (SEM 4.1%) and 19.3% (SEM 7.0%). In the validation set, differences in relapse-free survival for these subgroups remained statistically significant but less marked. CONCLUSION:Biomarkers assessed here carry independent prognostic value for breast cancer with four or more positive axillary nodes and identified clinically relevant prognostic subgroups. This approach requires refinement and validation of methodology.
journal_name
Breast Cancer Resjournal_title
Breast cancer research : BCRauthors
Crabb SJ,Bajdik CD,Leung S,Speers CH,Kennecke H,Huntsman DG,Gelmon KAdoi
10.1186/bcr1847subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
R6issue
1eissn
1465-5411issn
1465-542Xpii
bcr1847journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:INTRODUCTION:The neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) proteoglycan promotes pericyte recruitment and mediates pericyte interaction with endothelial cells. In the absence of NG2, blood vessel development is negatively impacted in several pathological models. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of NG2 ablation on ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3174
更新日期:2012-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The underlying biological mechanisms through which epidemiologically defined breast cancer risk factors contribute to disease risk remain poorly understood. Identification of the molecular changes associated with cancer risk factors in normal tissues may aid in determining the earliest events of carcinogenes...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0873-y
更新日期:2017-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The invasive, mesenchymal phenotype of CD44posCD24neg breast cancer cells has made them a promising target for eliminating the metastatic capacity of primary tumors. It has been previously demonstrated that CD44neg/lowCD24pos breast cancer cells lack the ability to give rise to their invasive CD44posCD24ne...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2449
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:African American/Black women with breast cancer have poorer survival than White women, and this disparity persists even after adjusting for non-biological factors. Differences in tumor immune biology have been reported between Black and White women, and the tumor immune milieu could potentially drive racial ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s13058-020-01297-4
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The actin binding protein Mammalian enabled (Mena), has been implicated in the metastatic progression of solid tumors in humans. Mena expression level in primary tumors is correlated with metastasis in breast, cervical, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Cells expressing high Mena levels are part of the tu...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2784
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is typically withheld from breast cancer survivors because of concerns about risk for recurrence. Our objectives were to estimate the effects of HT on recurrence in breast cancer survivors and to examine the reliability of these estimates. METHODS:In a systematic review of ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1186/bcr1035
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Breast cancer is genetically and clinically a heterogeneous disease. However, the exact contribution of different cell types and oncogenic mutations to this heterogeneity are not well understood. Recently, we discovered an interaction between Wnt and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) within the signaling cascad...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2592
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Breast cancers can be classified using whole genome expression into distinct subtypes that show differences in prognosis. One of these groups, the basal-like subtype, is poorly differentiated, highly metastatic, genomically unstable, and contains specific genetic alterations such as the loss of tumour prot...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2142
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 (CHD5) has recently been identified as a tumor suppressor in a mouse model. The CHD5 locus at 1p36 is deleted, and its mutation has been detected in breast cancer. We, therefore, evaluated whether CHD5 plays a role in human breast cancer. METHODS:We screened...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3182
更新日期:2012-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen receptor α (ER) is a major driver of breast cancer and the target of endocrine therapy. Full disclosure of the cofactors regulating ER interactions with chromatin and its transcriptional regulatory activity is still elusive. Novel genome-wide profiling tools have mapped ER binding events in breast cancer cell...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2849
更新日期:2011-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A novel line of research suggests that eating at nighttime may have several metabolic consequences that are highly relevant to breast cancer. We investigated the association between nighttime eating habits after 10 p.m. and breast cancer in Hong Kong women. METHODS:A hospital-based case-control study was co...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0821-x
更新日期:2017-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In breast cancer, BRCA promoter hypermethylation and BRCA germline mutations are said to occur together rarely, but this property has not yet been translated into a clinical test. Our aim in this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of BRCA1/2 methylation in distinguishing breast carcinomas of BRCA1...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0856-z
更新日期:2017-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:There is an unmet clinical need for biomarkers to identify breast cancer patients at an increased risk of developing brain metastases. The objective is to identify gene signatures and biological pathways associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) brain metastasis. METHODS:We...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3625
更新日期:2014-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The tamoxifen metabolite, Z-endoxifen, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in endocrine-resistant estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. We compared the antitumor activity of Z-endoxifen with tamoxifen and letrozole in the letrozole-sensitive MCF7 aromatase expressing model (MCF7AC1), as well ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-020-01286-7
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::The transition from pregnancy to lactation is a critical event in the survival of the newborn since all the nutrient requirements of the infant are provided by milk. While milk contains numerous components, including proteins, that aid in maintaining the health of the infant, lactose and milk fat represent the critica...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr1653
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:During selective segregation of DNA, a cell asymmetrically divides and retains its template DNA. Asymmetric division yields daughter cells whose genome reflects that of the parents', simultaneously protecting the parental cell from genetic errors that may occur during DNA replication. We hypothesized that ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2754
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent analysis by the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer has provided the most precise quantification to date of the familial risks of breast cancer. The familial relative risks are shown to decrease from more than fivefold in women younger than age 40 years with a first-degree relative aged y...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/bcr448
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In 2001, data from the California Cancer Registry suggested that breast cancer incidence rates among non-Hispanic white (nHW) women in Marin County, California, had increased almost 60% between 1991 and 1999. This analysis examines the extent to which these and other breast cancer incidence trends could ha...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1266
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab) is a multidisciplinary, collaborative framework for the investigation of familial breast cancer. Based in Australia, the primary aim of kConFab is to facilitate high-quality research by amassing a large and comp...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1377
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF), which is centrally involved in physiological oxygen homeostasis, is also activated in the majority of tumours. Activation of HIF can occur through genetic mechanisms or as a result of hypoxia within the tumour microenvironment. In some cases HIF activation appears to be intimately lin...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr313
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of specific dietary factors in breast cancer causation is not completely resolved. Results from prospective studies do not support the concept that fat intake in middle life has a major relation to breast cancer risk. However, weight gain in middle life contributes substantially to breast cancer risk. Alcohol...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr909
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Women with breast cancer who have multiple affected relatives are more likely to have inherited genetic risk factors for the disease. All the currently known genetic risk factors for breast cancer account for less than half of the average familial risk. Furthermore, the genetic factor(s) underlying an increa...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0825-6
更新日期:2017-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-angiogenic therapies have demonstrated their value in the setting of advanced cancer, and are being explored for use in micrometastatic disease. Recent preclinical studies suggest that adjuvant anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies may increase the risk of metastasis. How concerning are these p...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2250
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, there is limited data regarding the effectiveness of standard subsequent line therapies such as endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted agents after progression on CDK4/6 inhibitor-based regimens. This paper describes time-to-treatment failure beyond progression on palbociclib or palbociclib+endocrine ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-019-1149-5
更新日期:2019-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Molecular dissection of the signaling pathways that underlie complex biological responses in the mammary epithelium is limited by the difficulty of propagating large numbers of mouse mammary epithelial cells, and by the inability of ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi)-based knockdown approaches to fully a...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2728
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past decade has seen the definition of key signalling pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in terms of their components and the protein-protein interactions that facilitate signal transduction. Given the strong evidence that links signalling by certain families of RTKs to the progression of brea...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr54
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Breast tumor kinase (Brk/protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6)) is a nonreceptor, soluble tyrosine kinase overexpressed in the majority of breast tumors. Previous work has placed Brk downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) activation and upstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) a...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2622
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential for a reduction in dietary fat or for an increase in dietary fiber to reduce breast cancer risk has been debated for some years. It is argued here that available research data, even though extensive, leave open hypotheses ranging from little or no potential to major public health potential for breast can...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr68
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer risk is continuing to increase across all societies with rates in countries with traditionally lower risks catching up with the higher rates in the Western world. Although cure rates from breast cancer have continued to improve such that absolute numbers of breast cancer deaths have dropped in many count...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0595-y
更新日期:2015-07-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D has been suggested to prevent and improve the prognosis of several cancers, including breast cancer. We have previously shown a U-shaped association between pre-diagnostic serum levels of vitamin D and risk of breast cancer-related death, with poor survival in patients with the lowest and the highe...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-019-1169-1
更新日期:2019-07-29 00:00:00