The burden of infectious diseases in Europe: a pilot study.

Abstract:

:The main objectives of this pilot study were to test the potential use of the disease burden concept in the field of infectious diseases, including data quality and availability; to recommend future studies; and to stimulate a debate. The disease burden of seven infectious diseases (influenza, measles, HIV, campylobacteriosis, infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, salmonellosis and tuberculosis) in Europe was estimated by calculating Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), a composite measure that attempts to combine mortality, incidence and sequelae, taking duration and severity into account. The results show that the relative burden of diseases as measured by DALYs differs from that only measured by incidence or mortality. Several limitations regarding data availability and quality have been identified, resulting in an underestimation of the true burden of disease in this pilot. Notwithstanding these, HIV-infection, tuberculosis (TB) and influenza are estimated to cause the highest burden in Europe among the selected diseases. The burden of foodborne diseases (campylobacteriosis, infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and salmonellosis) and in particular of measles is lower. A consideration of the relative comparison of burden between diseases can be useful when tackling the difficult, sensitive but necessary task of identifying priority actions. A low burden stresses the need for continued support for prevention and control whereas a high burden indicates the need for additional interventions. Following this pilot project, a generalised burden of disease study for infectious diseases in Europe is recommended. Such a study would benefit from an approach that identifies and combines several methods of investigation, including epidemiological modelling, and it should be done in collaboration with other international efforts in this field.

journal_name

Euro Surveill

authors

van Lier EA,Havelaar AH,Nanda A

doi

10.2807/esm.12.12.00751-en

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-12-01 00:00:00

pages

E3-4

issue

12

eissn

1025-496X

issn

1560-7917

pii

751

journal_volume

12

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of glanders and melioidosis and bioterrorism-related glanders and melioidosis.

    abstract::Glanders and melioidosis are two infectious diseases that are caused by Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei respectively. Infection may be acquired through direct skin contact with contaminated soil or water. Ingestion of such contaminated water or dust is another way of contamination. Glanders and melio...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/esm.09.12.00507-en

    authors: Bossi P,Tegnell A,Baka A,van Loock F,Hendriks J,Werner A,Maidhof H,Gouvras G

    更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis clinical isolates from pigs and humans in Italy (2003-2007).

    abstract::Streptococcus suis, a major porcine pathogen, is emerging as a zoonotic agent capable of causing severe invasive disease in humans exposed to pigs or pork products. S. suis infection is rare in industrialised countries and usually arises as sporadic cases, with meningitis the most common clinical presentation in human...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/ese.14.33.19310-en

    authors: Princivalli MS,Palmieri C,Magi G,Vignaroli C,Manzin A,Camporese A,Barocci S,Magistrali C,Facinelli B

    更新日期:2009-08-20 00:00:00

  • HIV incidence increasing in MSM in Germany: factors influencing infection dynamics.

    abstract::After an initial peak in the mid-1980s, HIV incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) declined in most western industrialised countries and then levelled off during the 1990s. Since the late 1990s, increasing numbers of newly diagnosed HIV infections in MSM have been observed in the majority of countries with large...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Marcus U,Voss L,Kollan C,Hamouda O

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • Targets for the reduction of antibiotic use in humans in the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) partner countries.

    abstract::Unnecessary and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human healthcare is a major driver for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance; many countries are implementing measures to limit the overuse and misuse of antibiotics e.g. through the establishment of antimicrobial use reduction targets. We performed ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.28.1800339

    authors: D'Atri F,Arthur J,Blix HS,Hicks LA,Plachouras D,Monnet DL,The European Survey On Transatlantic Task Force On Antimicrobial Resistance Tatfar Action Group.

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • Multi-laboratory validation study of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, 2015.

    abstract::Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a rapid and reproducible typing method that is an important tool for investigation, as well as detection, of national and multinational outbreaks of a range of food-borne pathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the most common Salmonella serovar...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.9.30477

    authors: Peters T,Bertrand S,Björkman JT,Brandal LT,Brown DJ,Erdõsi T,Heck M,Ibrahem S,Johansson K,Kornschober C,Kotila SM,Le Hello S,Lienemann T,Mattheus W,Nielsen EM,Ragimbeau C,Rumore J,Sabol A,Torpdahl M,Trees E,Tuohy

    更新日期:2017-03-02 00:00:00

  • Interim 2018/19 influenza vaccine effectiveness: six European studies, October 2018 to January 2019.

    abstract::Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses both circulated in Europe in October 2018-January 2019. Interim results from six studies indicate that 2018/19 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates among all ages in primary care was 32-43% against influenza A; higher against A(H1N1)pdm09 and lower against A(H3N2). ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1900121

    authors: Kissling E,Rose A,Emborg HD,Gherasim A,Pebody R,Pozo F,Trebbien R,Mazagatos C,Whitaker H,Valenciano M,European Ive Group.

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • EWGLI: a European surveillance scheme for travel associated legionnaire s disease.

    abstract::The European Working Group for Legionella Infections (EWGLI) was set up in 1986 and introduced the European Surveillance Scheme for Travel Associated Legionnaires Disease in 1987. The microbiologists working in reference laborat-ories and the epidemiolog ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/esm.01.05.00169-en

    authors: Hutchinson EJ,Joseph C,Bartlett CL

    更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00

  • Investigation into an unusual increase of human cases of Salmonella Goldcoast infection in Hungary in 2009.

    abstract::We describe the outbreak investigation associated with an unusual increase in Salmonella Goldcoast cases in Hungary observed in autumn 2009, which included descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies and microbiological and veterinary investigations. Sixty cases were identified between 1 January 2009 and 1 Marc...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/ese.18.11.20422-en

    authors: Horváth JK,Mengel M,Krisztalovics K,Nogrady N,Pászti J,Lenglet A,Takkinen J

    更新日期:2013-03-14 00:00:00

  • Surveillance of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and case definition.

    abstract::The study by Stefanoff et al raises two important questions concerning tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus infections. First, the lack of a generally accepted case definition and secondly the quality of national surveillance of TBE cases. Ideally, reported cases should be confirmed and the clinically relevant cases wi...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 评论,社论

    doi:

    authors: Günther G,Lindquist L

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • The cost of insecurity: from flare-up to control of a major Ebola virus disease hotspot during the outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2019.

    abstract::The ongoing Ebola outbreak in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo is facing unprecedented levels of insecurity and violence. We evaluate the likely impact in terms of added transmissibility and cases of major security incidents in the Butembo coordination hub. We also show that despite this additional burden,...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.2.1900735

    authors: Jombart T,Jarvis CI,Mesfin S,Tabal N,Mossoko M,Mpia LM,Abedi AA,Chene S,Forbin EE,Belizaire MRD,de Radiguès X,Ngombo R,Tutu Y,Finger F,Crowe M,Edmunds WJ,Nsio J,Yam A,Diallo B,Gueye AS,Ahuka-Mundeke S,Yao M,Fa

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • International travels and fever screening during epidemics: a literature review on the effectiveness and potential use of non-contact infrared thermometers.

    abstract::Several countries plan to introduce non-contact infrared thermometers (NCIT) at international airports in order to detect febrile passengers, thus to delay the introduction of a novel influenza strain. We reviewed the existing studies on fever screening by NCIT to estimate their efficacy under the hypothesis of pandem...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:

    authors: Bitar D,Goubar A,Desenclos JC

    更新日期:2009-02-12 00:00:00

  • Syphilis reinfections pose problems for syphilis diagnosis in Antwerp, Belgium - 1992 to 2012.

    abstract::Persons with multiple syphilis reinfections may play an important role in syphilis transmission. We analysed all syphilis tests carried out for people attending the HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, from 1992 to 2012 to evaluate the extent to which...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.45.20958

    authors: Kenyon C,Lynen L,Florence E,Caluwaerts S,Vandenbruaene M,Apers L,Soentjens P,Van Esbroeck M,Bottieau E

    更新日期:2014-11-13 00:00:00

  • Prolonged colonisation with Escherichia coli O25:ST131 versus other extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli in a long-term care facility with high endemic level of rectal colonisation, the Netherlands, 2013 to 2014.

    abstract::The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli clone ST131 (ESBL-ST131) has spread in healthcare settings worldwide. The reasons for its successful spread are unknown, but might include more effective transmission and/or longer persistence. We evaluated the colonisation dynamics of ESBL-produci...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.42.30376

    authors: Overdevest I,Haverkate M,Veenemans J,Hendriks Y,Verhulst C,Mulders A,Couprie W,Bootsma M,Johnson J,Kluytmans J

    更新日期:2016-10-20 00:00:00

  • Rabid dog illegally imported to France from Morocco, August 2011.

    abstract::In August 2011, a case of canine rabies was notified to the French veterinary services. The dog was a three-month-old puppy illegally imported from Morocco that presented behavioural changes on 1 August and was admitted to a veterinary clinic on 6 August. It died the following day and the body was shortly sent to the ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mailles A,Boisseleau D,Dacheux L,Michalewiscz C,Gloaguen C,Ponçon N,Bourhy H,Callon H,Vaillant V,Dabosville I,Morineau-Le Houssine P

    更新日期:2011-08-18 00:00:00

  • Humidifier-associated paediatric Legionnaires' disease, Israel, February 2012.

    abstract::We report a fatal case of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease in an infant aged under six months. Epidemiological and microbiological investigations suggested that a free-standing cold water humidifier using domestic tap water contaminated with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 served as a vehicle for infection....

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Moran-Gilad J,Lazarovitch T,Mentasti M,Harrison T,Weinberger M,Mordish Y,Mor Z,Stocki T,Anis E,Sadik C,Amitai Z,Grotto I

    更新日期:2012-10-11 00:00:00

  • Travel associated legionellosis among European tourists in Spain.

    abstract::Depuis la deuxieme moitie des annees 1980, la legionellose associee au voyage est devenue preoccupante pour les pays europeens en raison de la morbidite dans la population europeenne; de plus, l'apparition de cas chez les touristes constitue une menace p ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/esm.02.06.00155-en

    authors: Galmes Truyols A,Martinez Navarro JF

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Anaphylaxis following unnecessary meningococcal chemoprophylaxis of a healthcare worker.

    abstract::We report a case of anaphylaxis following meningococcal chemoprophylaxis of a healthcare worker, despite no history of direct contact with a patient who had meningococcal disease. The public health implications of this case are discussed. ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/ese.14.19.19207-en

    authors: Giovanetti F

    更新日期:2009-05-14 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of a point-of-care blood test for identification of Ebola virus disease at Ebola holding units, Western Area, Sierra Leone, January to February 2015.

    abstract::Current Ebola virus disease (EVD) diagnosis relies on reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) technology, requiring skilled laboratory personnel and technical infrastructure. Lack of laboratory diagnostic capacity has led to diagnostic delays in the current West African EVD outbreak of 2014 and 2015, compromising outbreak ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.12.21073

    authors: Walker NF,Brown CS,Youkee D,Baker P,Williams N,Kalawa A,Russell K,Samba AF,Bentley N,Koroma F,King MB,Parker BE,Thompson M,Boyles T,Healey B,Kargbo B,Bash-Taqi D,Simpson AJ,Kamara A,Kamara TB,Lado M,Johnson O,

    更新日期:2015-03-26 00:00:00

  • HIV/AIDS and other STI in men who have sex with men--a continuous challenge for public health.

    abstract::World Aids Day provides a good opportunity to take stock of the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemics in Europe and to reflect on achievements made and ongoing challenges. ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.2807/ese.14.47.19423-en

    authors: van de Laar MJ

    更新日期:2009-11-26 00:00:00

  • Acute hepatitis E complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome in Portugal, December 2012--a case report.

    abstract::Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been increasingly reported in Europe and the United States, mostly arising from genotype 3 and less frequently genotype 4. We report here on a patient with HEV genotype 3a infection complicated by Guillain-Barré syndrome in Portugal in December 2012. We draw attentio...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.34.20563

    authors: Santos L,Mesquita JR,Rocha Pereira N,Lima-Alves C,Serrão R,Figueiredo P,Reis J,Simões J,Nascimento M,Sarmento A

    更新日期:2013-08-22 00:00:00

  • End-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness in adults and children, United Kingdom, 2016/17.

    abstract::IntroductionThe United Kingdom is in the fourth season of introducing a universal childhood influenza vaccine programme. The 2016/17 season saw early influenza A(H3N2) virus circulation with care home outbreaks and increased excess mortality particularly in those 65 years or older. Virus characterisation data indicate...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.44.17-00306

    authors: Pebody R,Warburton F,Ellis J,Andrews N,Potts A,Cottrell S,Reynolds A,Gunson R,Thompson C,Galiano M,Robertson C,Gallagher N,Sinnathamby M,Yonova I,Correa A,Moore C,Sartaj M,de Lusignan S,McMenamin J,Zambon M

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • Strong associations and moderate predictive value of early symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among healthcare workers, the Netherlands, March 2020.

    abstract::Healthcare workers (n = 803) with mild symptoms were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n = 90 positive) and asked to complete a symptom questionnaire. Anosmia, muscle ache, ocular pain, general malaise, headache, extreme tiredness and fever were associated with positivity. A pred...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000508

    authors: Tostmann A,Bradley J,Bousema T,Yiek WK,Holwerda M,Bleeker-Rovers C,Ten Oever J,Meijer C,Rahamat-Langendoen J,Hopman J,van der Geest-Blankert N,Wertheim H

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Sequence-based and monoclonal antibody typing of Legionella pneumophila isolated from patients in Portugal during 1987-2008.

    abstract::The monoclonal antibodies and the sequence-based typing (SBT) are two methodologies widely used to characterise Legionella pneumophila strains serogroup 1 (sg1). In this study, we analysed the clinical strains received in two Portuguese laboratories since 1987, including the strains isolated in Portugal during the fou...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/ese.14.28.19271-en

    authors: Chasqueira MJ,Rodrigues L,Nascimento M,Marques T

    更新日期:2009-07-16 00:00:00

  • A norovirus intervariant GII.4 recombinant in Victoria, Australia, June 2016: the next epidemic variant?

    abstract::A norovirus recombinant GII.P4_NewOrleans_2009/GII.4_Sydney_2012 was first detected in Victoria, Australia, in August 2015 at low frequency, and then re-emerged in June 2016, having undergone genetic changes. Analysis of 14 years' surveillance data from Victoria suggests a typical delay of two to seven months between ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.39.30353

    authors: Bruggink L,Catton M,Marshall J

    更新日期:2016-09-29 00:00:00

  • Early season co-circulation of influenza A(H3N2) and B(Yamagata): interim estimates of 2017/18 vaccine effectiveness, Canada, January 2018.

    abstract::Using a test-negative design, we assessed interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2017/18 epidemic of co-circulating influenza A(H3N2) and B(Yamagata) viruses. Adjusted VE for influenza A(H3N2), driven by a predominant subgroup of clade 3C.2a viruses with T131K + R142K + R261Q substitutions, was low at 17% (95% con...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.5.18-00035

    authors: Skowronski DM,Chambers C,De Serres G,Dickinson JA,Winter AL,Hickman R,Chan T,Jassem AN,Drews SJ,Charest H,Gubbay JB,Bastien N,Li Y,Krajden M

    更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00

  • Evidence for the transmission of Salmonella from reptiles to children in Germany, July 2010 to October 2011.

    abstract::This study examines the Salmonella status in reptiles kept in households with children suffering from gastroenteritis due to an exotic Salmonella serovar, to obtain information on possible transmission paths. A number of affected households (n=79) were contacted, and almost half (34/79) comprised at least one reptile ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.46.20634

    authors: Pees M,Rabsch W,Plenz B,Fruth A,Prager R,Simon S,Schmidt V,Munch S,Braun P

    更新日期:2013-11-14 00:00:00

  • Outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis among attendees of a restaurant opening in Grece, June 1998.

    abstract::Until recently the system for reporting infectious diseases in Greece was inadequate, but a new laboratory reporting system was introduced in 1998, in which collaborating laboratories throughout Greece report each week by e-mail or fax using standard form ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/esm.04.06.00069-en

    authors: Hadjichristodoulou C,Nikolakopoulou E,Karabinis K,Karakou E,Markogiannakis A,Panoulis C,Lampiri M,Tassios P

    更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00

  • Current prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in long-term care facilities in the Rhine-Main district, Germany, 2013.

    abstract::Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and in particular multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms (MRGN) are an increasing problem in hospital care. However, data on the current prevalence of MDRO in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are rare. To assess carriage rates of MDRO in LTCF residents in the German Rhine-Mai...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.26.21171

    authors: Hogardt M,Proba P,Mischler D,Cuny C,Kempf VA,Heudorf U

    更新日期:2015-07-02 00:00:00

  • West Nile virus outbreak in humans and epidemiological surveillance, west Andalusia, Spain, 2016.

    abstract::In Andalusia, Spain, West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance takes place from April to November, during the active vector period. Within this area seroconversion to this virus was evidenced in wild birds in 2004, affecting horses and two humans for the first time in 2010. Since 2010, the virus has been isolated every year ...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.14.17-00261

    authors: López-Ruiz N,Montaño-Remacha MDC,Durán-Pla E,Pérez-Ruiz M,Navarro-Marí JM,Salamanca-Rivera C,Miranda B,Oyonarte-Gómez S,Ruiz-Fernández J

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Outbreak of psittacosis in a group of women exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected chickens.

    abstract::Eight cases of psittacosis due to Chlamydia psittaci were identified in May 2013 among 15 individuals involved in chicken gutting activities on a mixed poultry farm in France. All cases were women between 42 and 67 years-old. Cases were diagnosed by serology and PCR of respiratory samples. Appropriate treatment was im...

    journal_title:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.24.21155

    authors: Laroucau K,Aaziz R,Meurice L,Servas V,Chossat I,Royer H,de Barbeyrac B,Vaillant V,Moyen JL,Meziani F,Sachse K,Rolland P

    更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00