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Structural brain anomalies in patients with FOXG1 syndrome and in Foxg1+/- mice.

Abstract：

Objective:FOXG1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with heterozygous FOXG1 variants or chromosomal microaberrations in 14q12. The study aimed at assessing the scope of structural cerebral anomalies revealed by neuroimaging to delineate the genotype and neuroimaging phenotype associations. Methods:We compiled 34 patients with a heterozygous (likely) pathogenic FOXG1 variant. Qualitative assessment of cerebral anomalies was performed by standardized re-analysis of all 34 MRI data sets. Statistical analysis of genetic, clinical and neuroimaging data were performed. We quantified clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes using severity scores. Telencephalic phenotypes of adult Foxg1+/- mice were examined using immunohistological stainings followed by quantitative evaluation of structural anomalies. Results:Characteristic neuroimaging features included corpus callosum anomalies (82%), thickening of the fornix (74%), simplified gyral pattern (56%), enlargement of inner CSF spaces (44%), hypoplasia of basal ganglia (38%), and hypoplasia of frontal lobes (29%). We observed a marked, filiform thinning of the rostrum as recurrent highly typical pattern of corpus callosum anomaly in combination with distinct thickening of the fornix as a characteristic feature. Thickening of the fornices was not reported previously in FOXG1 syndrome. Simplified gyral pattern occurred significantly more frequently in patients with early truncating variants. Higher clinical severity scores were significantly associated with higher neuroimaging severity scores. Modeling of Foxg1 heterozygosity in mouse brain recapitulated the associated abnormal cerebral morphology phenotypes, including the striking enlargement of the fornix. Interpretation:Combination of specific corpus callosum anomalies with simplified gyral pattern and hyperplasia of the fornices is highly characteristic for FOXG1 syndrome.

journal_name

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

journal_title

Annals of clinical and translational neurology

authors

Pringsheim M,Mitter D,Schröder S,Warthemann R,Plümacher K,Kluger G,Baethmann M,Bast T,Braun S,Büttel HM,Conover E,Courage C,Datta AN,Eger A,Grebe TA,Hasse-Wittmer A,Heruth M,Höft K,Kaindl AM,Karch S,Kautzky T,Ko

doi

10.1002/acn3.735

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-03-03 00:00:00

pages

655-668

issue

issn

2328-9503

pii

ACN3735

journal_volume

pub_type

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Structural brain anomalies in patients with FOXG1 syndrome and in Foxg1+/- mice.