[Magnetic Resonance Imaging Conversion Predictors of Clinically Isolated Syndrome to Multiple Sclerosis].

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Clinically isolated syndrome may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis, a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and it is defined by a single clinical episode suggestive of demyelination. However, patients with this syndrome, even with long term follow up, may not develop new symptoms or demyelinating lesions that fulfils multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. We reviewed, in clinically isolated syndrome, what are the best magnetic resonance imaging findings that may predict its conversion to multiple sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A search was made in the PubMed database for papers published between January 2010 and June 2015 using the following terms: 'clinically isolated syndrome', 'cis', 'multiple sclerosis', 'magnetic resonance imaging', 'magnetic resonance' and 'mri'. RESULTS:In this review, the following conventional magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities found in literature were included: lesion load, lesion location, Barkhof's criteria and brain atrophy related features. The non conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques studied were double inversion recovery, magnetization transfer imaging, spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging. DISCUSSION:The number and location of demyelinating lesions have a clear role in predicting clinically isolated syndrome conversion to multiple sclerosis. On the other hand, more data are needed to confirm the ability to predict this disease development of non conventional techniques and remaining neuroimaging abnormalities. CONCLUSION:In forthcoming years, in addition to the established predictive value of the above mentioned neuroimaging abnormalities, different clinically isolated syndrome neuroradiological findings may be considered in multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria and/or change its treatment recommendations. :Introdução: A síndrome clinicamente isolada é uma forma de apresentação da esclerose múltipla, doença desmielinizante crónica do sistema nervoso central, e define-se por um único episódio clínico sugestivo de desmielinização. Porém, doentes com esta síndrome podem não desenvolver novos sintomas ou lesões, mesmo após longos períodos de seguimento, não cumprindo os critérios de diagnóstico da doença. Aqui serão revistas, na síndrome clinicamente isolada, as alterações na ressonância magnética que melhor predizem a conversão em esclerose múltipla. Material e Métodos: Pesquisaram-se na base de dados da PubMed artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2015 usando os termos ‘clinically isolated syndrome’, ‘cis’, ‘multiple sclerosis’, ‘magnetic resonance imaging’, ‘magnetic resonance’ e ‘mri’. Resultados: Carga lesional, localização das lesões, critérios de Barkhof e áreas/volumes de estruturas cerebrais foram as alterações na ressonância magnética convencional encontradas nos artigos incluídos nesta revisão. As técnicas não convencionais estudadas foram a dupla inversão-recuperação, a transferência de magnetização, a espectroscopia e a imagem de tensor de difusão. Discussão: Enquanto o número de lesões e a sua localização têm um papel claro na previsão da conversão da síndrome clinicamente isolada em esclerose múltipla, as técnicas não convencionais e as restantes alterações na ressonância magnética necessitam de mais estudos para confirmar a sua capacidade de prever o desenvolvimento da doença. Conclusão: Para além do valor preditivo das alterações já citadas, no futuro, diferentes achados neurorradiológicos na síndrome clinicamente isolada poderão ser considerados para os critérios de diagnóstico da esclerose múltipla e/ou modificar as recomendações sobre o seu tratamento.

journal_name

Acta Med Port

journal_title

Acta medica portuguesa

authors

Peixoto S,Abreu P

doi

10.20344/amp.7650

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-11-01 00:00:00

pages

742-748

issue

11

eissn

0870-399X

issn

1646-0758

journal_volume

29

pub_type

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