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Association of Urogenital Symptoms with History of Water Contact in Young Women in Areas Endemic for S. haematobium. A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural South Africa.

Abstract：

:Female genital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium. Infected females may suffer from symptoms mimicking sexually transmitted infections. We explored if self-reported history of unsafe water contact could be used as a simple predictor of genital schistosomiasis. In a cross-sectional study in rural South Africa, 883 sexually active women aged 16-22 years were included. Questions were asked about urogenital symptoms and water contact history. Urine samples were tested for S. haematobium ova. A score based on self-reported water contact was calculated and the association with symptoms was explored while adjusting for other genital infections using multivariable logistic regression analyses. S. haematobium ova were detected in the urine of 30.5% of subjects. Having ova in the urine was associated with the water contact score (p < 0.001). Symptoms that were associated with water contact included burning sensation in the genitals (p = 0.005), spot bleeding (p = 0.012), abnormal discharge smell (p = 0.018), bloody discharge (p = 0.020), genital ulcer (p = 0.038), red urine (p < 0.001), stress incontinence (p = 0.001) and lower abdominal pain (p = 0.028). In S. haematobium endemic areas, self-reported water contact was strongly associated with urogenital symptoms. In low-resource settings, a simple history including risk of water contact behaviour can serve as an indicator of urogenital schistosomiasis.

journal_name

Int J Environ Res Public Health

journal_title

International journal of environmental research and public health

authors

Galappaththi-Arachchige HN,Amlie Hegertun IE,Holmen S,Qvigstad E,Kleppa E,Sebitloane M,Ndhlovu PD,Vennervald BJ,Gundersen SG,Taylor M,Kjetland EF

doi

10.3390/ijerph13111135

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-11-14 00:00:00

issue

11

eissn

1661-7827

issn

1660-4601

pii

ijerph13111135

journal_volume

13

pub_type

杂志文章

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