Abstract：
:Prediction of high-risk individuals and the multi-risk approach are common inquiries in caries risk epidemiology. These studies prepared the ground for future studies; specific hypotheses about causal patterns can now be formulated and tested applying advanced statistical methods designed for causal studies, such as structural equation modeling, path analysis and multilevel modeling. Causal studies should employ measurements, analyses and interpretation of findings, which are in accordance to causal aims. Examples of causal empirical studies from medical and oral research are presented.
journal_name
Int J Environ Res Public Healthauthors
Aleksejūniene J,Holst D,Brukiene Vdoi
10.3390/ijerph6122992subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
2992-3009issue
12eissn
1661-7827issn
1660-4601pii
ijerph6122992journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infectious disease caused by virus of the genus Rubivirus, which may be prevented by vaccination. The infection is potentially dangerous for non immune subjects, although 20-50% of infected subjects are asymptomatic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) have an in...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17217992
更新日期：2020-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the healthcare sector, a comprehensive safety culture includes both patient care-related and occupational aspects. In recent years, healthcare studies have demonstrated diverse relationships between aspects of psychosocial working conditions, occupational, and patient safety culture. The aim of this study...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph15102131
更新日期：2018-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Culture, tradition, structural violence, and mental health-related stigma play a major role in global mental health for refugees. Our aim was to understand what factors determine the success or failure of community-based psychotherapy for trauma-affected refugees and discuss implications for primary health care progra...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17134618
更新日期：2020-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Current trends in the analysis of the physical fitness of athletes are based on subjecting the athlete to requirements similar to those found in competition. Regarding physical fitness, a thorough study of the capacities that affect the development of team sports in different ages and gender is required since the dema...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17041409
更新日期：2020-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to examine the exercise-induced heart rate response (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects caused by inhaling smoke from tobacco cigarettes (TC) and aerosolized vapor from electronic nicotine dispensing systems (ENDS) (commonly referred to as e-cigarettes (EC)). A randomized crossover stud...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.3390/ijerph16061032
更新日期：2019-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Access to a quiet side in one's dwelling is thought to compensate for higher noise levels at the most exposed façade. It has also been indicated that noise from combined traffic sources causes more noise annoyance than equal average levels from either road traffic or railway noise separately. METHODS:2612 p...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph120201612
更新日期：2015-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Nigella sativa (NS) has been reported to have a therapeutic effect towards skin wound healing via its anti-inflammatory, tissue growth stimulation, and antioxidative properties. This review examines all the available studies on the association of Nigella sativa (NS) and skin wound healing. The search was performed in ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijerph17114160
更新日期：2020-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with unclean fuels and indoor smoking has become a significant contributor to global mortality and morbidity, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Growing evidence suggests that exposure to HAP disproportionately affects mothers and chil...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph18020634
更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to explore melanoma risk factors through gender-, age-, race-, and site-specific incidence rates, malignant melanoma cases from the Caucasian whites and non-whites were retrieved from the US SEER database. Age-standardized, age-, and site-specific tumor rates were calculated. All races and both genders showed...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph16060908
更新日期：2019-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The assessment of early life socioeconomic position (SEP) is essential to the tackling of social inequalities in health. Although different indicators capture different SEP dimensions, maternal education is often used as the only indicator in birth cohort research, especially in multi-cohort analyses. Household income...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17051700
更新日期：2020-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the potential of aeration control for the achievement of N-removal over nitrite with aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors. N-removal over nitrite requires less COD, which is particularly interesting if COD is the limiting parameter for nutrient removal. The nutrient removal perf...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph110706955
更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Disposal of greywater is a neglected challenge facing rapidly growing human populations. Here, we define greywater as wastewater that originates from household activities (e.g., washing dishes, bathing, and laundry) but excludes inputs from the toilet. Pollutants in greywater can include both chemical and biological c...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph121114529
更新日期：2015-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Droughts have been recorded all across Canada and have had significant impacts on individuals and communities. With climate change, projections suggest an increasing risk of drought in Canada, particularly in the south and interior. However, there has been little research on the impacts of drought on human health and ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijerph120708359
更新日期：2015-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Background: Research has shown that suicide is a phenomenon highly present among the drug dependent population. Different studies have demonstrated an upraised level of comorbidity between personality disorders (PD) and substance use disorders (SUD). This study aimed to describe which PDs are more frequent among those...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph14030316
更新日期：2017-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Studying typhoon risk perception and its influencing factors help reveal potential risk factors from the perspective of the public and provide a basis for decision-making for reducing the risk of typhoon disasters. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk perception and related factors of Macao residents in Chi...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17207357
更新日期：2020-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is a major mental health problem during adolescence. This study, using a sample of Chinese adolescents, examined the separate and combined effects of perceived school-related stress and of family socioeconomic status (SES) on the prevalence of depressive symptoms. A total of 1774 Chinese students from Grade...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph110606085
更新日期：2014-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:About 60% of southern Africa's population lives in rural areas with limited access to basic services and amenities such as clean and safe water, affordable and clean energy, and balanced and nutritious diets. Resource scarcity has direct and indirect impacts on nutrition, human health, and well-being of mostly poor ru...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph16162970
更新日期：2019-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Social science-environmental health (SS-EH) research takes many structural forms and contributes to a wide variety of topical areas. In this article we discuss the general nature of SS-EH contributions and offer a new typology of SS-EH practice that situates this type of research in a larger transdisciplinary sensibil...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph16183483
更新日期：2019-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：:In implementing carbon emission trading schemes (ETSs), the cost of carbon embedded in raw materials further complicates supplier selection and order allocation. Firms have to make decisions by comprehensively considering the cost and the important intangible performance of suppliers. This paper uses an analytic netwo...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17010111
更新日期：2019-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:As the most significant solid residue generated in the oil production industry, upstream oily sludge was regarded as hazardous waste in China due to its toxicity and ignitability, and to date, the incineration process has been considered the most efficient method in practice. Due to the complicated components of oily ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph16030384
更新日期：2019-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Peer mentorship is an effective approach for delivering health promotion programs that may be particularly useful among underrepresented populations. Advancing the peer-led approach, the Indigenous Youth Mentorship Program (IYMP) is a communal-led program rooted in Indigenous values aimed at the promotion of healthy l...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph18020733
更新日期：2021-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the growing social alarm generated by the recurrent news concerning violent episodes involving youth gangs, systematic research in Italy in this field, especially within a psychological framework, is still limited. Following a social-ecological approach, the present study aimed at investigating the role of sel...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17238791
更新日期：2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The UK is a global leader in stop-smoking support-providing free behavioral support and cessation medication via stop smoking services (SSS) without charge to smokers. This study aimed to explore the client and service characteristics associated with abstinence 52 weeks after quitting. A prospective cohort study of 30...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph13121175
更新日期：2016-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to compare the posterior tympanotomy (PT) technique to the endomeatal approach. The endomeatal approach (EMA) for Cochlear Implant (CI) surgery was performed on 98 patients with procident lateral sinus or a small mastoid cavity, on 103 ears (Group A). Conventional mastoidectomy and PT ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17124187
更新日期：2020-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to reveal opinion leaders who could impact their coworkers' safety-related performance in Chinese construction teams. Questionnaires were distributed to 586 scaffolders in Wuhan to understand their opinions about influencing their coworkers, serving as the foundation for a social network analysis to i...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph15102176
更新日期：2018-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about physical activity (PA) levels and correlates in adults from rural settings in South Africa, where a rapid increase in the number of older people and marked disparities in wealth are evident, particularly between those living in rural and urban areas. This paper describes levels of self-reported P...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17176325
更新日期：2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy metal contamination is currently a major environmental concern, as most agricultural land is being polluted from municipal discharge. Among various other pollutants, cadmium (Cd), one of the most harmful heavy metals, enters into the food chain through the irrigation of crops with an industrial effluent. In the ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17113850
更新日期：2020-05-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The improvement of China's new energy automobile technology is one of the most pressing issues for the government and manufacturers, given that the existing new energy automobile subsidy policy is about to be withdrawn completely. Considering that the manufacturer has the private information of the initial technology ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph16224544
更新日期：2019-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the colonic microbiota through fermentation. Influences of maternal PM2.5 exposure on SCFAs of the offspring have not been well understood. Additionally, studies of dietary intervention have not been carried out yet. Here we performed a study that dams were received PM2....
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph16224371
更新日期：2019-11-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, whether the urban development in China satisfies Zipf's law across different scales is still unclear. Thus, this study attempted to explore whether China's urban development satisfies Zipf's law across different scales from the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijerph17041460
更新日期：2020-02-24 00:00:00
