Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The placebo effect describes the mind-body process of altering the body's physiological state as well as the brain's neurological state. Catalyzed by the mind's believing in a certain drug, ritual, and/or treatment, it generally refers to the phenomenon of an ill individual recovering to health. Subsequent to the Prozac boom (fluoxetine), which occurred during the 1980s and 90s in the United States, a new form of placebogenic phenomena was defined: 'cosmetic psychopharmacology', whereby the healthy individual is transformed to fit better in his/her cultural medium (defined by one's values and beliefs). In order to discover how cultural metaphors (e.g. media-generated symbolism, social ideals) influence psychopharmacological treatment, this report investigates the following questions: Is the Prozac Boom culturally fashioned? Is cosmetic psychopharmacology culturally fashioned? Are cosmetic psychopharmacology and its ability to better the individual (relative to American ideals) a placebogenic phenomenon? MATERIAL/METHODS:The data and speculation for the present report was obtained via a cultural and critical review. RESULTS:It would appear that (1) the Prozac Boom and subsequently its by product, cosmetic psychopharmacology, are culturally fashioned; (2) cosmetic psychopharmacology is considered to result from one's belief in a drug and thus is placebo-influenced. CONCLUSIONS:Media-generated symbolism, which represents and reciprocally fashions the ideals and values of that society, influence the social perceptions of a drug's effectiveness and the quality of a particular treatment. In the clinical setting, the influential role of these preconceived notions about a certain treatment and/or drug need to be further considered and studied.
journal_name
Med Sci Monitjournal_title
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical researchauthors
Slingsby BTsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-01 00:00:00pages
CR389-93issue
5eissn
1234-1010issn
1643-3750pii
2602journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study was to compare the experience elderly and younger patients in terms of emotional status, disease perception, methods of coping with the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) stress, and health-related quality of life in 2 different settings of renal replacement therapy: hemodialysis (HD...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.883916
更新日期：2013-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a life-threating malignancy worldwide. Accumulating studies suggest propofol has anti-tumor functions in addition to the anesthetic effect. This study aimed to figure out the effects of propofol treatment in GC development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human GC SGC-7901 and NCI-N87 cells were...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.920981
更新日期：2020-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of amyloid beta peptides, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported that Schisandrin B could improve cognitive functions in animal models of AD, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. MA...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.905127
更新日期：2018-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the clinical importance of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) in the assessment and differential diagnosis of otosclerosis and otologic diseases characterized by "pseudo-conductive" components. We also investigated the clinical appearance ...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.889753
更新日期：2014-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To examine the effect of probiotics as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A sample size of 30 subjects was calculated to determine a moderate effect. MATERIAL/METHODS:A three month double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed using probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.12659/msm.881808
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The canonical Wnt signaling pathway has been considered as a potent oncogenic signaling in the initiation and progression of hematological malignancies. As a key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, the role of β-catenin in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) pathogenesis and progression was investigated in this s...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.893514
更新日期：2015-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy metals tend to occur in increasingly many aspects of human activities. Studies of cadmium (Cd) have revealed that it is extremely toxic in its effects. It is known that selenium (Se) may suppress deleterious effects of Cd. We investigated the effects of dietary Cd-intoxication on the incorporation of precursors ...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to determine the expression of apoptotic factors Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in lens epithelial cells (LECs) from cataracts secondary to pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) tamponade. We also investigated the impact of SO emulsification on the expression of apoptotic factors....
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.897630
更新日期：2016-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sex differences in epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer have been under intensive investigation for the last three decades. Given that most of the sex-related differences reported were also age-related, this study sought to determine the potential effect of a sex-ag...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.883842
更新日期：2013-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND We investigated the frequency, clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcome after the first deep vein thrombosis (DVT) event. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted for patients with DVT between 2008 and 2012 with a 1-year follow-up. Patients were divided into 2 groups: single vs. recu...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.901924
更新日期：2017-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The enzymatic analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes of skeletal muscle is an important step in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. Because of its lesser turbidity and increased sensitivity, mitochondrial fractionation has been increasingly considered the diagnostic method of choic...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Up to now there have been few reports about hematological alterations induced by Giardia lamblia infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of giardiasis treatment on hematological indices in children in the Khuzestan area by comparing these indices before and after treatment with metronida...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to identify the pathway responsible for ventricular remodeling. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected remodeling myocardium tissue (n=18) and control myocardium tissue (n=22), and detected the expression of 4 miRNAs in these 2 groups using real-time PCR. We then searched the miRN...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.897542
更新日期：2017-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) exerts its anti-proliferative effect on many human cancers. Among the 13 subtypes of human IFNalpha, IFNalpha-1 subtype has 2 variants, named IFNalpha-1a and IFNalpha-1b, that differ from each other in only 1 amino acid, at residue 114. However, the mechanism by which IFNalpha-1a...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.917097
更新日期：2019-09-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of our research was to determine diagnosis and outcomes for non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis in south India. MATERIAL/METHODS:A retrospective review of the medical and microbiology records of culture-positive Acanthamoeba cases presenting between 1987 and 2001 to a tertiary eye ca...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aggressiveness is an ancestral behavior common to all animal species. Its neurophysiological mechanisms are similar in all vertebrates. Males are generally more aggressive than females. In this review, aggressive behavior in rodents, monkeys, and man and the role of testosterone and brain serotonin levels have been co...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hypoxen treatment and the effect of HyFnC₆₀ on ROS production in patients' blood. MATERIAL/METHODS:ROS production in blood was...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.882460
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of 2 different esthetic post materials on the final color of direct-composite restorations by using a digital technique under in vivo conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included 22 pulpless incisor teeth treated with conventionally cemented zirconia ...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.908606
更新日期：2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been explored as a promising therapeutic strategy to regulate bone cell growth; however, the effects of PBM on osteoblast cell lines remains poorly understood. In addition, as a light source of PBM, the light uniformity of light-emitting diode (LED) devices has not been given en...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.920396
更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND Cardiac infarction frequently leads to arrhythmia and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) aggravates cardiac injury. Pinocembrin can resist cerebral ischemia and decrease cardiac infarction area. This study thus generated a rat myocardial I/R model to assess the effect on ventricular rhythm and expression of gap jun...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.909162
更新日期：2018-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that sensory nerves and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) affect caerulein-induced pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to examine the role of capsaicin-sensitive nerves and the impact of CGRP administration on necrotizing pancreatitis induced by ischemia/reperfusion. MAT...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is reported to be more common in young men who are thin and tall. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical and chest wall characteristics associated with PSP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January 2008 to December 2017, the clinical and imaging data of 99 ...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.917075
更新日期：2019-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bax activation and intracellular redistribution as well as its prognostic significance during steroid-induced apoptosis of leukemic cells in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain a matter of controversy. The purpose of this study was to assess time-resolved changes in Bax activation and its int...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to compare spherical equivalents (SE) and spherical equivalents with cycloplegic (CSE) values of migraine patients with and without visual aura, with those patients without migraine complaints. MATERIAL/METHODS:We included patients over the age of 18 years, who had 20/20 uncorrecte...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.893307
更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND lncRNA BANCR participates in the pathogenesis of various types of human diseases; however, its involvement in diabetic retinopathy is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, the expression of lncRNA BANCR in plasma of patients with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic patients without complications, and heal...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.913359
更新日期：2019-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of superselective renal artery embolization in patients with bleeding into the urinary system. MATERIAL/METHODS:From 2007 to 2012, 20 patients were treated with superselective renal artery embolization for bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL),...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.892112
更新日期：2015-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of NLRP3 and HMGB1 in patients with active ulcerative colitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective observational study which included a total of 62 cases with active ulcerative colitis during January 2017 to December 2018. The patien...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.919530
更新日期：2020-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The ideal surgical approach for cervical disk disease remains controversial, especially for multilevel cervical disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of the cervical spine after 3-level hybrid surgery compared with 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). MATE...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.896085
更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of pressure ulcers (PUs) ranges from 1 to 18% of in-patients and from 3 to 28% in long-term settings. The aim of our study was to verify how comorbidity and frailty influenced the course of PUs in a population of elderly subjects hospitalized in a long-term care setting. MATERIAL/METHODS:The ...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antithrombin is a potent inhibitor of the coagulant effect of thrombin. In the latter half of 20th century, many families have been described in which an autosomaly dominant inherited antithrombin deficiency has caused severe venous thromboembolic disease in successive generations. The important complication is severe...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
