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Smoking habits and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in men and women: findings of a 12 year follow up among an urban Eastern-Mediterranean population.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Despite the strong association of smoking with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebral stroke, the consequences of smoking have not been elucidated among Iranian populations. This study aimed to assess sex-specific incidence of CVDs among an urban Iranian population with different smoking habits. METHODS:Participants were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Data on socio-demographic features and smoking habits from a sample of 10,400 individuals (4378 men and 6022 women), aged ≥20 years without prior CVD history were analyzed. Participants were followed up for 12 years for incidence of CVD/CHD events. Men were categorized in six groups, including never-, passive, ex-, passive and ex-, occasional and daily smokers. Women were categorized in three groups, i.e. never smokers, passive smokers and ever smokers. Using cox regression model, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incident CVD/CHD were calculated for each group, given never smokers as the reference. RESULTS:In men, HR of CVD was 1.13 (95%CI: 0.80-1.59) in passive smokers, 1.23 (95%CI: 0.91-1.66) in ex-smokers, 1.46 (95%CI: 0.90-2.36) in passive and ex-smokers, 2.33 (95%CI: 1.25-4.33) in occasional smokers and 2.05 (95%CI: 1.57-2.67) in daily smokers. In smokers of ≥21 cigarettes/day, HR of CVD was 3.79 (95%CI: 2.25-6.37), with less risk observed in those who smoked lesser numbers of cigarettes/day. Quitters of ≥15 years were almost risk free. In women, none of the HRs of CVD/CHD were significant. CONCLUSION:An increased risk of incidence of CVD/CHD was found in current male smokers. To confirm and further elaborate these findings, more data of sex-specific studies are required from culturally diverse urban and rural areas of Iran.

journal_name

BMC Public Health

journal_title

BMC public health

authors

Amiri P,Mohammadzadeh-Naziri K,Abbasi B,Cheraghi L,Jalali-Farahani S,Momenan AA,Amouzegar A,Hadaegh F,Azizi F

doi

10.1186/s12889-019-7390-0

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-08-05 00:00:00

pages

1042

issue

issn

1471-2458

pii

10.1186/s12889-019-7390-0

journal_volume

pub_type

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Smoking habits and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in men and women: findings of a 12 year follow up among an urban Eastern-Mediterranean population.