Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Smoking is a leading cause of numerous human disorders including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The development of modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) has been suggested as a possible way to reduce the risks of tobacco smoking by reducing exposure to cigarette smoke toxicants. This study is designed to investigate whether biomarkers of such exposure are reduced when smokers switch from smoking commercial cigarettes to using either a novel or a commercially-available tobacco heating product (THP). DESIGN AND METHODS:This study will assess biomarkers of exposure in current smokers who either remain smoking, switch to THP use, or quit all tobacco use completely, for 5 days. The study is an in-clinic (confinement) two-centre, randomised controlled clinical study with a forced-switching design. Subjects of either gender will be aged 23-55 years (minimum legal smoking age plus 3 years), of Japanese origin and with a verified smoking status (assessed by exhaled breath carbon monoxide and urinary cotinine levels). Subjects will have a usual brand cigarette within the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) tar band of 6-8 mg and will be judged to be healthy by medical history, physical examination, vital signs, electrocardiography (ECG), clinical biochemistry and lung function tests. The primary objective of this study is to assess changes within groups in selected biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and of biological effect (BoBE) after a forced switch from a commercial control cigarette to either a menthol or a non-menthol THP. Secondary objectives are to assess between-group differences, to determine nicotine pharmacokinetics for cigarettes and THPs, to assess subject's satisfaction with the study products, and to monitor additional endpoints related to safety and product use. DISCUSSION:Data from this study will advance our scientific understanding of the changes in exposure to cigarette smoke toxicants in smokers who switch to using a THP. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS:UMIN000024988 (25th November 2016); ISRCTN14301360 (14th December 2016).
journal_name
BMC Public Healthjournal_title
BMC public healthauthors
Gale N,McEwan M,Eldridge AC,Sherwood N,Bowen E,McDermott S,Holmes E,Hedge A,Hossack S,Camacho OM,Errington G,McAughey J,Murphy J,Liu C,Proctor CJ,Fearon IMdoi
10.1186/s12889-017-4678-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-22 00:00:00pages
673issue
1issn
1471-2458pii
10.1186/s12889-017-4678-9journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验abstract:BACKGROUND:Children's activity level, including physical activity (PA) and screen sedentary time (SST), is influenced by environmental factors in which parents play a critical role. Different types of parenting styles may influence children's activity level. Inconsistent results were found on the association between pa...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4784-8
更新日期:2017-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social Health Insurance (SHI) is widely used by countries attempting to move toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC). While evidence suggests that SHI is a promising strategy for achieving UHC, low-income countries often struggle to implement and sustain SHI systems. It is therefore important to understand ho...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08742-1
更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents with CP in low and middle-income countries is often poor, as is the case in Bangladesh. This exploratory study examined what factors predict the proxy-reported HRQoL of adolescents with CP in rural Bangladesh, a typical low- and middle-income country ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-8130-1
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Organizational changes in modern corporate life have become increasingly common and there are indications that they often fail to achieve their ends. An earlier study of 24,036 employees showed that those who had repeatedly been exposed to large increases in staffing during 1991-1996 had an excess risk of bo...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-318
更新日期:2011-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dengue is rapidly expanding climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease worldwide. Outbreaks of dengue occur in various parts of India as well but there is no tool to provide early warning. The current study was, therefore, undertaken to find out the link between El Niño, precipitation, and dengue cases, which ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09609-1
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Condom use remains consistently low among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to identify factors associated with condom use after online video intervention. METHODS:This is a secondary data analysis of data collected from an online non-inferiority trial comparing the effectiveness of t...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7307-y
更新日期:2019-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To provide data on overweight, obesity and hypertension among adolescent girls in Norway and Argentina. METHODS:Data was obtained from two population-based, cross-sectional and descriptive studies containing anthropometric and blood pressure measurements of 15 to 18 year old girls. The study included 2,156 ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-398
更新日期:2009-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), malaria and tuberculosis dominate the disease pattern in Myanmar. Due to urbanization, westernized lifestyle and economic development, it is likely that NCDs such as cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease are on a rise. The leading behavioral- and metabolic NCDs ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3275-7
更新日期:2016-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:ROTAVAC, an indigenous rotavirus vaccine, was introduced in the universal immunization program of India in four states in 2016 and expanded to five more states in 2017. The clinical trial on efficacy of ROTAVAC did not detect an increased risk of intussusception, but the trial was not large enough to detect ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5809-7
更新日期:2018-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public Health policies related to social distancing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic helped slow the infection rate. However, individual-level factors associated with social distancing are largely unknown. We sought to examine social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, an infection "hots...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10287-w
更新日期:2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to modify lifestyle behaviours in the primary health care (PHC) setting, assessment and intervention for these behaviours remains low in routine practice. Little is known about the relative importance of various determinants of practice.This study aimed...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-165
更新日期:2009-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High-risk HPV DNA testing has been proposed as a primary tool for cervical cancer screening (HPV-CCS) as an alternative to the Papanicolaou cytology- method. This study describes factors associated with women's intentions to attend cervical cancer screening if high-risk HPV DNA testing (HPV-CCS) was implemen...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2865-8
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The global poverty profile shows that Africa and Asia bear the highest burden of multidimensional child poverty. Child survival and development therefore depend on socioeconomic and environmental factors that surround a child.The aim of this paper is to measure multidimensional child poverty and underpin wha...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8254-3
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This article is based on information collected about the situation of double orphans who are heading households in Rakai District, Uganda. The information will be used as justification and guidance for planning actions to improve the situation of these and similar children. This research is thus the first st...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-321
更新日期:2009-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We investigated the associations between education and leisure-time, occupational, sedentary and total physical-activity levels based on data from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98). The roles of income level, occupational status and other mediating variables for thes...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1079
更新日期:2012-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the case of a pandemic, individuals may alter their behaviour. A dynamic model incorporating social distancing can provide a mechanism to consider complex scenarios to support decisions regarding antiviral stockpile size while considering uncertainty around behavioural interventions. We have examined the ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-669
更新日期:2013-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fertility choice is a critical women's right. Although researchers have studied the positive effects of fertility desire, its different components have, unfortunately, been neither established nor implemented for parents. A reliable and valid scale is required to measure this vital aspiration of a couple. Th...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7413-x
更新日期:2019-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The evidence that inspires and fosters communication skills, teaching programmes and clinical recommendations are often based on national studies which assume, implicitly, that patients' preferences towards doctors' communication style are not significantly affected by their cultural background. The cross-cu...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2559-7
更新日期:2015-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Weight misperception is the discordance between an individual's actual weight status and the perception of his/her weight. It is a common problem in the youth population as enumerated by many international studies. However data from Pakistan in this area is deficient. METHODS:A multi-center cross-sectional ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-707
更新日期:2013-08-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently in Australia there is a lack of clarity regarding routine assessment of primary school aged children's weight status despite it being the first step in the identification of overweight and obesity. The National Health and Medical Research Council Obesity Guidelines recommend primary health care pro...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7539-x
更新日期:2019-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is known that occupational injury rates are higher for immigrant than for native workers, however the effects of the economic cycles on these differences has not been assessed to date. The aim of the paper is to test if the crisis has the same mechanism of selection in the two groups by comparing injury r...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7178-2
更新日期:2019-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of khat among youths can be harmful leading to decreased academic performance, increased risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases or other psychiatric symptoms. It is believed to be one of the factors associated with unprotected risky sexual behavior predisposing the youth for ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1199
更新日期:2013-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many children do not engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA), highlighting the need to find ways to increase children's PA. Process evaluations play an important role in improving the science of randomised controlled trials. We recently reported the results of the Action 3:30 cluster randomise...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1501-3
更新日期:2015-02-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of obesity has substantially increased in the past 3 decades in both developed and developing countries and may lead to an increase in high blood pressure (BP) at an early age. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and its association with blood pressure among primary school ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-729
更新日期:2014-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traditionally, women have been the main respondents for most of knowledge, attitude and practice survey related to family planning and fertility intention. However it is not well known how responses of women about husbands reflect the husband's attitude and practices. Thus this study is conducted to examine ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-903
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), laypersons play a significant role in providing initial care to injured victims of traffic accidents. Post-crash first aid (PFA) training programmes for laypersons have become an important response to addressing knowledge and skills gaps in pre-hospital care. Howev...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08692-8
更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Emotional abuse is central to other forms of abuse. The primary objective of this paper was to estimate the prevalence of emotional abuse among pupils in basic education schools and the risk factors associated with it in Aden governorate, Yemen. METHODS:Four districts were randomly selected from across the ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-647
更新日期:2012-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knowledge exchange portals are emerging as web tools that can help facilitate knowledge management in public health. We conducted a review to better understand the nature of these portals and their contribution to knowledge management in public health, with the aim of informing future development of portals ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-443
更新日期:2014-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The facial region has been the most common site of injury following violent episodes. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial injuries associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) in women treated at a single facility in Malaysia. METHODS:A retrospective rev...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-268
更新日期:2010-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low-and middle-income countries are facing both a mounting burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as severe resource constraints that keep them from emulating some of the extensive strategies pursued in high-income countries. There is thus an urgency to identify and implement those interventions that...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-2
更新日期:2012-01-03 00:00:00