Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Health programs commonly promote handwashing by drawing attention to potential fecal contamination in the environment. The underlying assumption is that the thought of fecal contamination will result in disgust, and motivate people to wash their hands with soap. However, this has not proven sufficient to achieve high rates of handwashing with soap at key times. We argue that handwashing with soap is influenced by broader range of antecedents, many unrelated to fecal contamination, that indicate to people when and where to wash their hands. This exploratory study aimed to identify and characterize this broader range of handwashing antecedents for use in future handwashing promotion efforts. METHODS:First, an initial list of behavioral antecedents was elicited through unstructured interviews, focus group discussions and observation with residents, from a low-income community in Dhaka, Bangladesh, who were also recipients of a handwashing intervention. Then, photographs representing three categories of behavioral antecedents were taken: activities of daily living, visual or tactile sensations, and handwashing-related hardware and activities. Finally, the research team conducted ranking exercises with a new set of participants, from the same area, to assess the perceived importance of each antecedent illustrated by the photographs. The research team probed about perceptions regarding how and why that particular antecedent, represented by the photograph, influences handwashing behavior. RESULTS:After coming out of the bathroom and dirt (moyla) on hands were the two antecedents that ranked highest. In all the categories, intervention-related antecedents (three key times for handwashing which included handwashing after coming out of the bathroom, after cleaning a child's anus and before food preparation; intervention provided items that included handwashing station, soapy water bottle, handwashing reminders from posters and community health provider visits) that were being promoted actively in this community were perceived favorably in the qualitative responses, but did not consistently rank higher than non-intervention items. However, many other antecedents were reported to influence when and where people wash their hands: cutting greasy fish, starting a meal, contact with oil and fat stuck to dishes, oil and lice from hair, sweat, unwashed vegetables, reminders from son and daughter or observing others wash hands, and observing the sunset. CONCLUSIONS:Beyond well-recognized antecedents related to fecal contact and dirt on hands, we identified a broader set of antecedents not reported in the literature. Adopting a handwashing promotional strategy to highlight existing antecedents that people themselves have identified as important can help inform the content of an intervention that is more relatable and effective in increasing handwashing practices.
journal_name
BMC Public Healthjournal_title
BMC public healthauthors
Rahman MJ,Nizame FA,Unicomb L,Luby SP,Winch PJdoi
10.1186/s12889-017-4307-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-05 00:00:00pages
392issue
1issn
1471-2458pii
10.1186/s12889-017-4307-7journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Although it is well known that employment conditions exert considerable effects on health and health equity, the association between employment conditions and the use of preventative health services has rarely been studied. We explored whether inequities in the use of preventative services were associated wi...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6841-y
更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Many countries with traditionally low prevalence (such as UK) are now planning interventions (screening, vaccination, and treatment) of high-risk immigrants from countries with high prevalence. This review aimed to synt...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1476-0
更新日期:2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Existing studies are divided as to whether social inequalities in health widen or converge as people age. In part this is due to reliance on cross-sectional data, but also among longitudinal studies to differences in the measurement of both socioeconomic status (SES) and health and in the treatment of surviv...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-947
更新日期:2011-12-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diarrhea is recognized as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries yet updated estimates of diarrhea incidence by age for these countries are greatly needed. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify cohort studies that s...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-220
更新日期:2012-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and uric acid (UA) levels are elevated in patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes, characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, is an important risk factor for overt diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to exp...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-294
更新日期:2013-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinically diagnosed amoebic liver abscess (ALA) caused by Entamoeba histolytica has been an important public health problem in Jaffna district, northern Sri Lanka for last three decades. In order to draw up a control strategy for elimination of this condition, knowledge of its epidemiology and factors assoc...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5036-2
更新日期:2018-01-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a huge interest by faith-based organizations (FBOs) in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere in HIV prevention interventions that build on the religious aspects of being. Successful partnerships between the public health services and FBOs will require a better understanding of the conceptual framing of H...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-225
更新日期:2014-03-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aims to characterize the heterogeneity in BMI trajectories and evaluate how different BMI trajectories predict mortality risk in Canadian seniors. METHODS:Data came from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS, 1994-2011) and 1480 individuals aged 65-79 years with at least four BMI r...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4917-0
更新日期:2017-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the role of breastfeeding contraindications in breastfeeding practices. Our objectives were to 1) identify predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration among a cohort of predominantly low-income, inner-city women, and 2) evaluate the contribution of breastfeeding contraindication...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-3-28
更新日期:2003-08-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are widespread in underdeveloped countries. In Ethiopia, the prevalence and distribution of helminth infection varies by different exposing risk factors. We therefore investigated the prevalence of and risk factors of STHs infection in school children living in Ambo town, we...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4809-3
更新日期:2017-10-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Description of the epidemiology of influenza is needed to inform influenza vaccination policy. Here we examined influenza virus circulation in countries in the Asia-Pacific region and compared the timing of seasonal epidemics with the timing of influenza vaccination. METHODS:Data were obtained from the Worl...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6647-y
更新日期:2019-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:More than 20% of US children ages 2-5 yrs are classified as overweight or obese. Parents greatly influence the behaviors their children adopt, including those which impact weight (e.g., diet and physical activity). Unfortunately, parents often fail to recognize the risk for excess weight gain in young childr...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-431
更新日期:2011-06-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The association between mental distress and divorce is well established in the literature. Explanations are commonly classified within two different frameworks; social selection (mentally distressed people are selected out of marriage) and social causation (divorce causes mental distress). Despite a relative...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1662-0
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is of significance to look into the intergenerational transmission of risk behaviour to explain the disparity of health. Our paper contributes to the literature by providing evidence in the context of China, focusing on smoking behaviour. METHODS:This paper studies the intergenerational transmission of s...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4480-8
更新日期:2017-06-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Screen Time Weight-loss Intervention Targeting Children at Home (SWITCH) trial tested a family intervention to reduce screen-based sedentary behaviour in overweight children. The trial found no significant effect of the intervention on children's screen-based sedentary behaviour. To explore these null fi...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3124-8
更新日期:2016-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many children are reported to have insufficient physical activity (PA) placing them at greater risk of poor health outcomes. Participating in sedentary activities such as playing electronic games is widely believed to contribute to less PA. However there is no experimental evidence that playing electronic ga...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-212
更新日期:2009-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Incentives are central to economics and are used across the public and private sectors to influence behavior. Recent interest has been shown in using financial incentives to promote desirable health behaviors and discourage unhealthy ones. MAIN TEXT:If we are going to use incentive schemes to influence heal...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7407-8
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The debate on frailty in later life focuses primarily on deficits and their associations with adverse (health) outcomes. In addition to deficits, it may also be important to consider the abilities and resources of older adults. This study was designed to gain insights into the lived experiences of frailty am...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5088-3
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol is a Class-1 carcinogen but public awareness of the link between alcohol and cancer is low. The news media is a popular, readily-accessible source of health information and plays a key role in shaping public opinion and influencing policy-makers. Examination of how the link between alcohol and cancer...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4569-0
更新日期:2017-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parenting programs have been highlighted as a way of supporting and empowering parents. As programs designed to promote children's health and well-being are scarce, a new health-promotion program, All Children in Focus, has been developed. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the potential effectiveness...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1083
更新日期:2014-10-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plague remains a public health problem in specific areas located in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Its prevention and control encompasses adequate clinical management and timely laboratory diagnosis. However, understanding communities' interaction with its surrounding ecosystem as well as the differences...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5062-0
更新日期:2018-02-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous research has shown large and increasing relative differences in mortality by marital status in several countries, but few studies have considered trends in cause-specific mortality by marital status among elderly people. METHODS:The author uses discrete-time hazard regression and register data cove...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-537
更新日期:2011-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tetanus is a serious but vaccine-preventable disease and fatality rate of the disease is high in the neonates and the elderly. The aim of this study was to detect the tetanus antibody prevalence in the over sixty-year age residents of the nursing homes in Bolu. METHODS:A voluntary-based study was done in th...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-5
更新日期:2005-01-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiological research has long observed a varying prevalence of hypertension across socioeconomic strata. However, patterns of association and underlying causal mechanisms are poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa. Using education and income as indicators, we investigated the extent to which socioeconom...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-414
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prior studies on social capital and health have assessed social capital in residential neighbourhoods and communities, but the question whether the concept should also be applicable in workplaces has been raised. The present study reports on the psychometric properties of an 8-item measure of social capital ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-251
更新日期:2006-10-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents with CP in low and middle-income countries is often poor, as is the case in Bangladesh. This exploratory study examined what factors predict the proxy-reported HRQoL of adolescents with CP in rural Bangladesh, a typical low- and middle-income country ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-8130-1
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a disproportionate burden of HIV infection. Mobile phone apps provide a promising means of improving HIV prevention among MSM. But this has received little examination in China. The objective of this study was to explore MSM's preferences for an HIV prevention mobile phon...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6617-4
更新日期:2019-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Self-harm in adolescents is of growing concern internationally but limited evidence exists on the prevalence of self-harm in those living with HIV, who may be at higher risk of poor mental health outcomes. Therefore our aim was to determine the prevalence and predictors of self-harm among young people with p...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7424-7
更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mixed evidence exists with respect to the association between household food insecurity (HFIS) and obesity in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs), particularly among women. This study aimed to measure socioeconomic correlates of HFIS and explores its association with dietary intake and odds of obesity amo...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4317-5
更新日期:2017-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asset-based approaches have become popular in public health. As yet it is not known to what extent health and welfare professionals are able to identify and mobilise individual and community health assets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand professional's perceptions of health and health asse...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4555-6
更新日期:2017-07-12 00:00:00