Bariatric Surgery in the United Kingdom: A Cohort Study of Weight Loss and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Clinical Care.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent, under-recognized condition and a risk factor for renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence connects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to CKD. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether the presence and severity of NAFLD are associ...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Musso G,Gambino R,Tabibian JH,Ekstedt M,Kechagias S,Hamaguchi M,Hultcrantz R,Hagström H,Yoon SK,Charatcharoenwitthaya P,George J,Barrera F,Hafliðadóttir S,Björnsson ES,Armstrong MJ,Hopkins LJ,Gao X,Francque S,Verrijke

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Trachoma is the world's leading cause of infectious blindness. The World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed the SAFE strategy in order to eliminate blindness due to trachoma by 2020 through "surgery," "antibiotics," "facial cleanliness," and "environmental improvement." While the S and A components have ...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Stocks ME,Ogden S,Haddad D,Addiss DG,McGuire C,Freeman MC

更新日期：2014-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Important differences exist in the diagnosis of malnutrition when comparing the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards and the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference. However, their relationship with mortality has not been studied. Here, we assessed the accuracy of t...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Lapidus N,Luquero FJ,Gaboulaud V,Shepherd S,Grais RF

更新日期：2009-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV self-testing (HIVST) may play a role in addressing gaps in HIV testing coverage and as an entry point for HIV prevention services. We conducted a cluster randomized trial of 2 HIVST distribution mechanisms compared to the standard of care among female sex workers (FSWs) in Zambia. METHODS AND FINDINGS:T...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Chanda MM,Ortblad KF,Mwale M,Chongo S,Kanchele C,Kamungoma N,Fullem A,Dunn C,Barresi LG,Harling G,Bärnighausen T,Oldenburg CE

更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many low- and middle-income countries are not on track to reach the public health targets set out in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We evaluated whether differential progress towards health MDGs was associated with economic development, public health funding (both overall and as percentage of avail...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Stuckler D,Basu S,McKee M

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential in host defense against pathogens by virtue of their capacity to detect microbes and initiate the immune response. TLR2 is seen as the most important receptor for gram-positive bacteria, while TLR4 is regarded as the gram-negative TLR. Melioidosis is a severe infectio...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Wiersinga WJ,Wieland CW,Dessing MC,Chantratita N,Cheng AC,Limmathurotsakul D,Chierakul W,Leendertse M,Florquin S,de Vos AF,White N,Dondorp AM,Day NP,Peacock SJ,van der Poll T

更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to a nutritionally deficient environment during fetal life and early infancy may adversely alter the ontogeny of the immune system and affect an infant's ability to mount an optimal immune response to vaccination. We examined the effects of maternal nutritional supplementation during pregnancy on in...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Okala SG,Darboe MK,Sosseh F,Sonko B,Faye-Joof T,Prentice AM,Moore SE

更新日期：2019-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Assessing the mortality impact of the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09) is essential for optimizing public health responses to future pandemics. The World Health Organization reported 18,631 laboratory-confirmed pandemic deaths, but the total pandemic mortality burden was substantially higher. We estim...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Simonsen L,Spreeuwenberg P,Lustig R,Taylor RJ,Fleming DM,Kroneman M,Van Kerkhove MD,Mounts AW,Paget WJ,GLaMOR Collaborating Teams.

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Global data indicate that women with a history of hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy (HFDP) are at up to 7 times risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with their counterparts who have pregnancies that are not complicated by hyperglycemia. However, there are no data from the s...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Chivese T,Norris SA,Levitt NS

更新日期：2019-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Rare diseases affect as many as 60 million people in the United States and Europe. However, most rare diseases lack effective therapies and are in critical need of clinical research. Our objective was to determine the frequency of noncompletion and nonpublication of trials studying rare diseases. METHODS AN...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Rees CA,Pica N,Monuteaux MC,Bourgeois FT

更新日期：2019-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been suggested throughout the past fifty years that serum uric acid concentrations can help predict the future risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the epidemiological evidence is uncertain. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We report a "nested" case-control comparison within a prospective study in Reykjavik...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Wheeler JG,Juzwishin KD,Eiriksdottir G,Gudnason V,Danesh J

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the World Health Organization recommends use of oxytocin for prevention of PPH, misoprostol use is increasingly common owing to advantages in shelf life and potential for sublingual administration. There is a lac...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Atukunda EC,Siedner MJ,Obua C,Mugyenyi GR,Twagirumukiza M,Agaba AG

更新日期：2014-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Artemisinin resistance observed in Southeast Asia threatens the continued use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in endemic countries. Additionally, the diversity of chemical mode of action in the global portfolio of marketed antimalarials is extremely limited. Addressing the urgent need for the develo...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Le Bihan A,de Kanter R,Angulo-Barturen I,Binkert C,Boss C,Brun R,Brunner R,Buchmann S,Burrows J,Dechering KJ,Delves M,Ewerling S,Ferrer S,Fischli C,Gamo-Benito FJ,Gnädig NF,Heidmann B,Jiménez-Díaz MB,Leroy D,Martíne

更新日期：2016-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Observational studies suggest that male circumcision may provide protection against HIV-1 infection. A randomized, controlled intervention trial was conducted in a general population of South Africa to test this hypothesis. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A total of 3,274 uncircumcised men, aged 18-24 y, were randomiz...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Auvert B,Taljaard D,Lagarde E,Sobngwi-Tambekou J,Sitta R,Puren A

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is capable of reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from females to males by approximately 60%. In 2007, the WHO and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended making VMMC part of a comprehensive HIV prevention package in countries with a ge...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Sgaier SK,Reed JB,Thomas A,Njeuhmeli E

更新日期：2014-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous estimates of mortality in Iraq attributable to the 2003 invasion have been heterogeneous and controversial, and none were produced after 2006. The purpose of this research was to estimate direct and indirect deaths attributable to the war in Iraq between 2003 and 2011. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We condu...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Hagopian A,Flaxman AD,Takaro TK,Esa Al Shatari SA,Rajaratnam J,Becker S,Levin-Rector A,Galway L,Hadi Al-Yasseri BJ,Weiss WM,Murray CJ,Burnham G

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Psychosis is a severe mental condition that is characterized by a loss of contact with reality and is typically associated with hallucinations and delusional beliefs. There are numerous psychiatric conditions that present with psychotic symptoms, most importantly schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, an...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Huang JT,Leweke FM,Oxley D,Wang L,Harris N,Koethe D,Gerth CW,Nolden BM,Gross S,Schreiber D,Reed B,Bahn S

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship between population trends in delaying childbirth and rising rates of primary cesarean delivery is unclear. The aims of the present study were (1) to characterize the association between maternal age and the outcome of labor, (2) to determine the proportion of the increase in primary cesarean...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Smith GC,Cordeaux Y,White IR,Pasupathy D,Missfelder-Lobos H,Pell JP,Charnock-Jones DS,Fleming M

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results from several observational studies of HIV-discordant couples and a randomized controlled trial (HIV Prevention Trials Network 052) show that antiretroviral therapy (ART) can greatly reduce heterosexual HIV transmission in stable HIV-discordant couples. However, such data do not prove that ART will reduce HIV i...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Smith MK,Powers KA,Muessig KE,Miller WC,Cohen MS

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To date, drug response genes have not proved as useful in clinical practice as was anticipated at the start of the genomic era. An exception is in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin (PegIFN/R). Viral clearance is achieved in 40%...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Suppiah V,Gaudieri S,Armstrong NJ,O'Connor KS,Berg T,Weltman M,Abate ML,Spengler U,Bassendine M,Dore GJ,Irving WL,Powell E,Hellard M,Riordan S,Matthews G,Sheridan D,Nattermann J,Smedile A,Müller T,Hammond E,Dunn D

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Our objective was to examine whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or newborns' high birthweight can be prevented by lifestyle counseling in pregnant women at high risk of GDM. METHOD AND FINDINGS:We conducted a cluster-randomized trial, the NELLI study, in 14 municipalities in Finland, where 2,271 wo...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Luoto R,Kinnunen TI,Aittasalo M,Kolu P,Raitanen J,Ojala K,Mansikkamäki K,Lamberg S,Vasankari T,Komulainen T,Tulokas S

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with neuropsychological deficits of memory, learning, and executive function. There is no evidence of neuronal brain injury in children with OSA. We hypothesized that childhood OSA is associated with neuropsychological performance dysfunction, and with ne...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Halbower AC,Degaonkar M,Barker PB,Earley CJ,Marcus CL,Smith PL,Prahme MC,Mahone EM

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Immunohistochemical markers are often used to classify breast cancer into subtypes that are biologically distinct and behave differently. The aim of this study was to estimate mortality for patients with the major subtypes of breast cancer as classified using five immunohistochemical markers, to investigate ...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Blows FM,Driver KE,Schmidt MK,Broeks A,van Leeuwen FE,Wesseling J,Cheang MC,Gelmon K,Nielsen TO,Blomqvist C,Heikkilä P,Heikkinen T,Nevanlinna H,Akslen LA,Bégin LR,Foulkes WD,Couch FJ,Wang X,Cafourek V,Olson JE,Bag

更新日期：2010-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A number of epidemiologic studies have observed an association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and pediatric invasive bacterial disease (IBD) but the evidence has not been systematically reviewed. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of SHS exposure and two outcomes, IBD and pharyngea...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Lee CC,Middaugh NA,Howie SR,Ezzati M

更新日期：2010-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Experimental studies have suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors provide cardiovascular protective effects. We performed a randomized study to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin added on to the conventional therapy compared with conventional therapy alone (diet, exercise, and/or drugs, exc...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Oyama J,Murohara T,Kitakaze M,Ishizu T,Sato Y,Kitagawa K,Kamiya H,Ajioka M,Ishihara M,Dai K,Nanasato M,Sata M,Maemura K,Tomiyama H,Higashi Y,Kaku K,Yamada H,Matsuhisa M,Yamashita K,Bando YK,Kashihara N,Ueda S,

更新日期：2016-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Published research on prescribed opioid analgesic (POA) use during pregnancy and birth outcomes is limited in scope and has not adequately adjusted for potential confounding factors. To help address these gaps, we estimated associations between maternal POAs during pregnancy and two adverse birth outcomes us...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Sujan AC,Quinn PD,Rickert ME,Wiggs KK,Lichtenstein P,Larsson H,Almqvist C,Öberg AS,D'Onofrio BM

更新日期：2019-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND TO THE DEBATE:The tobacco control community is divided on whether or not to inform the public that using oral, smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus) is less hazardous to health than smoking tobacco. Proponents of "harm reduction" point to the Swedish experience. Snus seems to be widely used as an alternative to c...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Gartner CE,Hall WD,Chapman S,Freeman B

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lifetime glycemic exposure and its relationship with age at diagnosis in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unknown. Pharmacologic glycemic management strategies for young-onset T2D (age at diagnosis <40 years) are poorly defined. We studied how age at diagnosis affects glycemic exposure, glycemic deterioration, and ...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Ke C,Stukel TA,Shah BR,Lau E,Ma RC,So WY,Kong AP,Chow E,Chan JCN,Luk A

更新日期：2020-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In June 2016, the first phase of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law that mandated front-of-package warning labels and marketing restrictions for unhealthy foods and beverages was implemented. We assess foods and beverages reformulation after this initial implementation. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A da...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Reyes M,Smith Taillie L,Popkin B,Kanter R,Vandevijvere S,Corvalán C

更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence on where in the hypertension care process individuals are lost to care, and how this varies among states and population groups in a country as large as India, is essential for the design of targeted interventions and to monitor progress. Yet, to our knowledge, there has not yet been a nationally rep...

journal_title：PLoS medicine

authors： Prenissl J,Manne-Goehler J,Jaacks LM,Prabhakaran D,Awasthi A,Bischops AC,Atun R,Bärnighausen T,Davies JI,Vollmer S,Geldsetzer P

更新日期：2019-05-03 00:00:00