Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The translation of research into policy and practice is enhanced by policymakers who can recognise and articulate their information needs and researchers that understand the policymakers' environment. As researchers, we sought to understand the policymaking process and how research evidence may contribute in South Africa and Cameroon. METHODS:We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews in South Africa and focus group discussions in Cameroon with purposively sampled subnational (provincial and regional) government health programme managers. Audio recorded interviews were transcribed, thematically coded and analysed. RESULTS:Participants in both countries described the complex, often lengthy nature of policymaking processes, which often include back-and-forth consultations with many diverse stakeholder groups. These processes may be influenced by political structures, relationships between national and subnational levels, funding and international stakeholder agendas. Research is not a main driver of policy, but rather current contextual realities, costs, logistics and people (clinicians, NGOs, funders) influence the policy, and research plays a part. Research evidence is frequently perceived as unavailable, inaccessible, ill-timed or not applicable. The reliability of research on the internet was questioned. Evidence-informed health decision-making (EIDM) is regarded as necessary in South Africa but is less well understood in Cameroon. Insufficient time and capacity were hindrances to EIDM in both countries. Good relationships between researchers and policymakers may facilitate EIDM. Researchers should have a good understanding of the policymaking environment if they want to influence it. Greater interaction between policymakers and researchers is perceived as beneficial when formulating research and policy questions as it raises researchers' awareness of implementation challenges and enables the design of tailored and focused strategies to respond to policymakers' needs. CONCLUSIONS:Policymaking is complicated, lengthy and mostly done at national level. Provinces/regions are tasked with implementation, with more room for adaptation in South Africa than in Cameroon. Research evidence plays a role in policy but does not drive it and is seen as mostly unavailable. Researchers need a thorough understanding of the policy process and environment, how the health system operates, as well as the priorities of policymakers. This can inform effective dialogue between researchers and policymakers, and contribute to enhancing use of research evidence in decision-making.
journal_name
Implement Scijournal_title
Implementation science : ISauthors
Naude CE,Zani B,Ongolo-Zogo P,Wiysonge CS,Dudley L,Kredo T,Garner P,Young Tdoi
10.1186/s13012-015-0315-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-03 00:00:00pages
126issn
1748-5908pii
10.1186/s13012-015-0315-0journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:In the 21st century, government and industry are supplementing hierarchical, bureaucratic forms of organization with network forms, compatible with principles of devolved governance and decentralization of services. Clinical networks are employed as a key health policy approach to engage clinicians in improv...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-108
更新日期:2012-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Implementation of clinical research results is challenging, yet the responsibility for implementation is seldom addressed. The process from research to the use of clinical research results in health care can be facilitated by research funders. In this paper, we report the roles of ten Swedish research funder...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0290-5
更新日期:2015-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Economic evaluations can inform decisions about the efficiency and allocation of resources to implementation strategies-strategies explicitly designed to inform care providers and patients about the best available research evidence and to enhance its use in their practices. These strategies are increasingly popular in...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0168-y
更新日期:2014-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical guidelines for the treatment of people experiencing psychosis have existed for over a decade, but implementation of recommended interventions is limited. Identifying influences on implementation may help to reduce this translational gap. The Structured Assessment of Feasibility (SAFE) measure is a s...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0262-9
更新日期:2015-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is substantial evidence about the effectiveness of audit with feedback, but none that we know have been conducted in home care settings. The primary purpose of the Data for Improvement and Clinical Excellence - Home Care (DICE-HC) project was to evaluate the effects of an audit and feedback delivered t...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0600-1
更新日期:2017-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of opinion leaders is a strategy used to speed the process of translating research into practice. Much is still unknown about opinion leader attributes and activities and the context in which they are most effective. Agent-based modeling is a methodological tool that enables demonstration of the inte...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0136-6
更新日期:2014-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:National leaders recommend documenting social determinants of health and actions taken to address social determinants of health in electronic health records, and a growing body of evidence suggests the health benefits of doing so. However, little evidence exists to guide implementation of social determinants...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0855-9
更新日期:2019-01-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A recent review of frameworks used in dissemination and implementation (D&I) science described 61 judged to be related either to dissemination, implementation, or both. The current use of these frameworks and their contributions to D&I science more broadly has yet to be reviewed. For these reasons, our objec...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0628-2
更新日期:2017-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Case management has emerged as a promising alternative approach to supplement traditional one-on-one sessions between patients and doctors for improving the quality of care in chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD). However, data are lacking in terms of its efficacy and cost-effectiveness when...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-1-21
更新日期:2006-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Use of theory in implementation of complex interventions is widely recommended. A complex trial intervention, to enhance self-management support for people with osteoarthritis (OA) in primary care, needed to be implemented in the Managing Osteoarthritis in Consultations (MOSAICS) trial. One component of the ...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-9-42
更新日期:2014-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Though the knowledge base on implementation strategies is growing, much remains unknown about how to most effectively operationalize these strategies in diverse contexts. For example, while evidence shows that champions can effectively support implementation efforts in some circumstances, little has been rep...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-020-01048-1
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For early stage breast cancer, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that patient decision aids (PtDAs), when used by surgeons, result in increased patient knowledge about options and different patient treatment choices as compared to standard care. Yet, recent data suggests that PtDAs are used by l...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0174-0
更新日期:2014-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In health care, a well recognized gap exists between what we know should be done based on accumulated evidence and what we actually do in practice. A body of empirical literature shows organizations, like individuals, are difficult to change. In the business literature, knowledge management and transfer has ...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-2-44
更新日期:2007-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetes is a common disease with self-management a key aspect of care. Large prospective trials have shown that maintaining glycated hemoglobin less than 7% greatly reduces complications but translating this level of control into everyday clinical practice can be difficult. Intensive improvement programs ar...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-1-24
更新日期:2006-10-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Implementation research is the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of clinical research findings into routine clinical practice. Several interventions have been shown to be effective in changing health care professionals' behaviour, but heterogeneity within interventions, targeted be...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-1-28
更新日期:2006-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the potential to reach at-risk children in childcare, there is a significant gap between current practices and evidence-based obesity prevention in this setting. There are few investigations of the impact of implementation strategies on the uptake of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for obesity preven...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0624-6
更新日期:2017-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study examined the effectiveness of seven different interventions designed to increase the proportion of general practitioners (GPs) accepting an offer of free access to an online evidence-based resource. METHODS:Australian GPs (n = 14,000) were randomly selected and assigned to seven intervention grou...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-4-68
更新日期:2009-10-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Translation of evidence-based interventions into hospital systems can provide immediate and substantial benefits to patient care and outcomes, but successful implementation is often not achieved. Existing literature describes a range of barriers and facilitators to the implementation process. This systematic...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0726-9
更新日期:2018-02-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with a mental illness experience substantial disparities in health, including increased rates of morbidity and mortality caused by potentially preventable chronic diseases. One contributing factor to such disparity is a higher prevalence of modifiable health risk behaviors, such as smoking, inadequate...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-85
更新日期:2013-08-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improved quality of care is a policy objective of health care systems around the world. Implementation research is the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of clinical research findings into routine clinical practice, and hence to reduce inappropriate care. It includes the study of in...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-3-52
更新日期:2008-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two of the current methodological barriers to implementation science efforts are the lack of agreement regarding constructs hypothesized to affect implementation success and identifiable measures of these constructs. In order to address these gaps, the main goals of this paper were to identify a multi-level ...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-22
更新日期:2013-02-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One of the fastest growing risk groups for early onset of diabetes is women with a recent pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes, and for this group, Latinas are the largest at-risk group in the USA. Although evidence-based interventions, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), which focuses on...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0426-2
更新日期:2016-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For the optimal use of clinical guidelines in daily practice, mere distribution of guidelines and materials is not enough, and active implementation is needed. This review investigated the effectiveness of multifaceted implementation strategies compared to minimal, single, or no implementation strategy for t...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0482-7
更新日期:2016-09-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the past decade, prevalence of maternal and child morbidity and mortality in Togo, particularly in the northern regions, has remained high despite global progress. The causes of under-five child mortality in Togo are diseases with effective and low-cost prevention and/or treatment strategies, including ...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0921-3
更新日期:2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:General dental practitioners (GDPs) regularly prescribe antibiotics to manage dental infections although most infections can be treated successfully by local measures. Published guidance to support GDPs to make appropriate prescribing decisions exists but there continues to be wide variation in dental antibi...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0372-z
更新日期:2016-01-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People in close contact with tuberculosis should have screening and appropriate management, as an opportunity for active case detection and prevention. However, implementation of tuberculosis contact screening and management is limited in high-burden settings. Behaviour change is needed across three levels o...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0870-x
更新日期:2019-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Worksites are important locations for interventions to promote health. However, occupational programs with documented efficacy often are not used, and those being implemented have not been studied. The research in this report was funded through the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act Challenge Topic 'Path...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-73
更新日期:2010-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) refers to collaboration between researchers and decision-makers. While advocated as an approach for enhancing the relevance and use of research, IKT is challenging and inconsistently applied. This study sought to inform future IKT practice and research by synthesizing s...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0399-1
更新日期:2016-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fecal incontinence has a high prevalence in the nursing home population which cannot be explained by co-morbidity or anatomic and physiological changes of aging alone. Our hypothesis is that fecal incontinence can be prevented, cured, or ameliorated by offering care staff knowledge of best practice. However,...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0263-8
更新日期:2015-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An international randomized clinical trial (RCT) on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevention intervention found that taken on a daily basis, PrEP was safe and effective among men who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgender women. Within the context of...
journal_title:Implementation science : IS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-116
更新日期:2012-11-26 00:00:00