Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:The goal was to identify which neurochemicals differ in professional athletes with repetitive brain trauma (RBT) when compared to healthy controls using a relatively new technology, in vivo Localized COrrelated SpectroscopY (L-COSY). METHODS:To achieve this, L-COSY was used to examine five former professional male athletes with 11 to 28 years of exposure to contact sports. Each athlete who had had multiple symptomatic concussions and repetitive sub concussive trauma during their career was assessed by an experienced neuropsychologist. All athletes had clinical symptoms including headaches, memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, impulse control problems, aggression, and depression. Five healthy men, age and weight matched to the athlete cohort and with no history of brain trauma, were recruited as controls. Data were collected from the posterior cingulate gyrus using a 3 T clinical magnetic resonance scanner equipped with a 32 channel head coil. RESULTS:The variation of the method was calculated by repeated examination of a healthy control and phantom and found to be 10% and 5%, respectively, or less. The L-COSY measured large and statistically significant differences (P ≤0.05), between healthy controls and those athletes with RBT. Men with RBT showed higher levels of glutamine/glutamate (31%), choline (65%), fucosylated molecules (60%) and phenylalanine (46%). The results were evaluated and the sample size of five found to achieve a significance level P = 0.05 and a power of 90%. Differences in N-acetyl aspartate and myo-inositol between RBT and controls were small and were not statistically significance. CONCLUSIONS:A study of a small cohort of professional athletes, with a history of RBT and symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy when compared with healthy controls using 2D L-COSY, showed elevations in brain glutamate/glutamine and choline as recorded previously for early traumatic brain injury. For the first time increases in phenylalanine and fucose are recorded in the brains of athletes with RBT. Larger studies utilizing the L-COSY method may offer an in-life method of diagnosis and personalized approach for monitoring the acute effects of mild traumatic brain injury and the chronic effects of RBT.
journal_name
Alzheimers Res Therjournal_title
Alzheimer's research & therapyauthors
Lin AP,Ramadan S,Stern RA,Box HC,Nowinski CJ,Ross BD,Mountford CEdoi
10.1186/s13195-015-0094-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-15 00:00:00pages
13issue
1issn
1758-9193pii
94journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPS) include depressive symptoms, anxiety, apathy, sleep problems, irritability, psychosis, wandering, elation and agitation, and are common in the non-demented and demented population. METHODS:We have undertaken a systematic review of reviews to give a ...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt131
更新日期:2012-07-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antidepressant use has been associated with an increased risk of falling, but no studies have been conducted on whether antidepressant use is associated with an increased risk of head injuries which often result from falling among older persons. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of head...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0285-3
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is mostly (>95%) not inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Such sporadic AD (sAD) forms do not exhibit familial aggregation and are characterized by complex genetic inheritance. Growing evidence indicates that multiple genes contribute to sAD-characteristic endophenotypes...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt165
更新日期:2013-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We developed multifactorial models for predicting incident dementia and brain pathology in the oldest old using the Vantaa 85+ cohort. METHODS:We included participants without dementia at baseline and at least 2 years of follow-up (N = 245) for dementia prediction or with autopsy data (N = 163) for patholog...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0450-3
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Errorless learning (EL) is a method for optimizing learning, which uses feed-forward instructions in order to prevent people from making mistakes during the learning process. The majority of previous studies on EL taught patients with dementia artificial tasks of little or no relevance for their daily lives....
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0247-9
更新日期:2017-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::The oligomer cascade hypothesis, which states that oligomers are the initiating pathologic agents in Alzheimer's disease, has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which suggested that fibers were the key etiologic agents in Alzheimer's disease. We review here the results of in vivo, in vitro and in silic...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/alzrt226
更新日期:2013-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obtaining reliable estimates of the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of people with predementia Alzheimer's disease [AD] (preclinical or prodromal AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is essential for economic evaluations of related health interventions. AIMS:To provide an overview of wh...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00723-1
更新日期:2020-11-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptide is a well-established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reduced levels of Aβ1-42 are indicative of AD, but significant variation in the absolute concentrations of this analyte has been described for both healthy and diseased populations. Preanal...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0445-0
更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In patients with amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment (MCI), neurodegenerative biomarkers such as medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) are useful to predict disease progression to dementia. Although posterior atrophy (PA) is a well-known neurodegenerative biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, little is known...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0326-y
更新日期:2017-12-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Metabolic alterations, related to cerebral glucose metabolism, brain insulin resistance, and age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) on both the systemic and central nervous system level. To study the extent and significance of these alterations in AD, quanti...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0551-7
更新日期:2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive composite scores are used as the primary outcome measures for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention trials; however, the extent to which these composite measures correlate with AD pathology has not been fully investigated. Since many on-going AD prevention studies are testing therapies that target ei...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0401-z
更新日期:2018-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Centiloid scale has been developed to standardize measurements of amyloid PET imaging. Reference cut-off values of this continuous measurement enable the consistent operationalization of decision-making for multicentre research studies and clinical trials. In this study, we aimed at deriving reference Ce...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0478-z
更新日期:2019-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:MAPT encodes for tau, the predominant component of neurofibrillary tangles that are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic association of MAPT variants with late-onset AD (LOAD) risk has been inconsistent, although insufficient power and incomplete assessment of MAPT haplotypes ma...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt268
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy is one of the most promising disease-modifying strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite recent progress targeting aggregated forms of Aβ, low antibody brain penetrance remains a challenge. In the present study, we used transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated transcytosis to f...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0377-8
更新日期:2018-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Depression and psychosis are two of the most severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both NPS have negative effects on cognitive performance and life expectancy. The current study aimed to investigate and compare monoaminergic etiologies betwe...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-014-0090-1
更新日期:2015-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Kallikrein 6 (KLK6) is known to be an age-related protease expressed at high levels in the central nervous system. It was previously shown to be involved in proteolysis of extracellular proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), prompting validation of KLK6 as a poten...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0336-4
更新日期:2018-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::The Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation's 13th International Conference on Alzheimer's Drug Discovery was held on 10-11 September 2012 in Jersey City, NJ, USA. This meeting report provides an overview of Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation-funded programs, ranging from novel biomarkers to accelerate clinical devel...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt159
更新日期:2013-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of therapeutic targets based on novel mechanistic studies is urgently needed for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion disease. Multiple lines of evidence have emerged to suggest that inhibition of the stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum kinase PERK (pro...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt260
更新日期:2014-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from the plant Curcuma Long Lin that has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as effects on reducing beta-amyloid aggregation. It reduces pathology in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is a promising candidat...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt146
更新日期:2012-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The pathophysiology of neurodegeneration is complex. Its diagnosis requires an early identification of sequential changes in several hallmarks in the brains of affected subjects. The presence of brain pathology can be visualized in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by protein profiling. It is clear that the fiel...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0265-7
更新日期:2017-06-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) was a multicenter randomized controlled trial that reported beneficial effects on cognition for a 2-year multimodal intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, vascular risk monitoring) versus control (gene...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0506-z
更新日期:2019-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed sinc...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z
更新日期:2014-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Global leaders have set an ambitious goal of developing interventions to effectively treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease by 2025. CASE PRESENTATION:Achieving this goal will require clinical trials to test promising interventions, yet Alzheimer's researchers are confronting a clinical trial recruitment cris...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0425-4
更新日期:2018-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::In May 2012, the Fourth Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia brought together in Montreal experts from around Canada to update Canadian recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with neurodegenerative conditions associated with deterioration of cognition. Multiple...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt199
更新日期:2013-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing in frequency as the global population ages. Five drugs are approved for treatment of AD, including four cholinesterase inhibitors and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist. We have an urgent need to find new therapies for AD. METHODS:We examined Clinical...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/alzrt269
更新日期:2014-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The concept of dependence has been proposed as a unified representation of disease severity to quantify and stage disease progression in a manner more informative to patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. METHODS:This paper provides a review of the Dependence Scale (DS) as a quantitative measure of...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0414-7
更新日期:2018-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential risk factor for dementia. We aimed to investigate the association between SCD and subsequent dementia in a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea. METHODS:This cohort included 579,710 66-year-old adults who were followed for a total of 3,870,293 p...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00618-1
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Widespread implementation of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in routine clinical practice requires the establishment of standard operating procedures for pre-analytical handling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS:Here, CSF collection and storage protocols were optimized for measurements of β-amyloid (Aβ)....
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0517-9
更新日期:2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been in development over the last decade. BAN2401 is a monoclonal antibody that selectively binds soluble amyloid β (Aβ) protofibrils. METHODS:Here we describe the first clinical study with BAN2401. Safety and tolerability were...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13195-016-0181-2
更新日期:2016-04-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amyloid pathology, which is one of the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD), results from altered metabolism of the beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in terms of synthesis, clearance, or aggregation. A decrease in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level Aβ1-42 is evident in AD, and the CSF ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 has recentl...
journal_title:Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00696-1
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00